From Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches (D.A., V.M.), Laboratory of Infection and Inflammation Unité 1173, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, INSERM, Montigny-le-Bretonneux (D.A.), Service de Pharmacologie Clinique-Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) INSERM 1414, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, Rennes (A.R., E.B.), Service de Réanimation Médicale (C.B.-B.) and Service d'Anesthésie et des Réanimations Chirurgicales (G.D., F.C.), Hôpital Henri-Mondor (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris [AP-HP]), Créteil, Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière (AP-HP), Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique (UMRS) 1144 (B. Megarbane), Réanimation Médicale-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Site Cochin (AP-HP) and Université Paris Descartes (A. Cariou), Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Pôle 2i, Infection et Immunité, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Infection, Antimicrobiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME) Unité 1137, Université Paris Diderot, INSERM (J.-F.T.), Service d'Anesthésie et Réanimations Chirurgicales, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Site Cochin (AP-HP) (F.B.), and Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (AP-HP), and Université Paris Sorbonne INSERM, UMRS 1166-Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (A. Combes), Paris, Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Universitaire François Mitterrand, Lipness Team, INSERM Research Center Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1231 and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, and CIC 1432, Epidémiologie Clinique, Université de Burgundy, Dijon (J.-P.Q., A.D.), Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier d'Etampes, Etampes (S.S., T.H.), Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, CIC INSERM 1414, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien Site de Meaux, Hôpital Saint Faron, Meaux (X.F.), Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble (C.S.), Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, CIC 1409, and CIC 9502, Marseille (C.M.), Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, and Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU de Rouen-Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen (B. Misset), Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes (M.A.B.), Service de Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Centre Hospitalier Départemental de Vendée, Site de La Roche-sur-Yon, Les Oudairies, La Roche-sur-Yon (G. Colin), Réanimation Médicale Polyvalente, CHU Gabriel Montpied (B.S.), and Pôle de Médecine Péri-Opératoire, Génétique, Reproduction, et Développement, UMR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6293, Université Clermont-Auvergne, INSERM Unité 1103, CHU Clermont-Ferrand (J.-M.C.), Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'Anesthésie, Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôtel Dieu-Hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU Nantes, Laboratoire EA3826 Thérapeutiques et Expérimentales des Infections, Nantes (K.A.), Réanimation Polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Bretonneau, Tours (E.M.), Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier de Périgueux, Périgueux (L.C.), Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, Nancy (C.C.), Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, INSERM CIC 1435-CHU Dupuytren, Limoges (B.F.), Service Réanimation Médicale Polyvalente et Unité de Surveillance Continue, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans (T.B.), Réanimation Chirurgicale, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimations-Urgences, Service d'Assistance Médicale d'Urgence (SAMU) 86, Hôpital de la Miletrie, CHU, Poitiers (F.P.), Service de Réanimation Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud (Hospices Civils de Lyon), Pierre-Bénite (J.B.), Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint Camille, Bry-sur-Marne (J.-F.L.), Réanimation Polyvalente, Hôpital Jean Verdier (AP-HP), Bondy (R.A.), Service de Réanimation Médicale, CHU Amiens-Picardie-Site Sud, Amiens (M.S.), Service de Réanimation Médicale et Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Tourcoing Gustave Dron, Tourcoing (O.L.), and Service de Réanimation Médicale-SAMU 25, Hôpital Jean Minjoz-CHU de Besançon, Besançon (G. Capellier) - all in France.
N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 1;378(9):809-818. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1705716.
Septic shock is characterized by dysregulation of the host response to infection, with circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities. We hypothesized that therapy with hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone or with drotrecogin alfa (activated), which can modulate the host response, would improve the clinical outcomes of patients with septic shock.
In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design, we evaluated the effect of hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone therapy, drotrecogin alfa (activated), the combination of the three drugs, or their respective placebos. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included mortality at intensive care unit (ICU) discharge and hospital discharge and at day 28 and day 180 and the number of days alive and free of vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, or organ failure. After drotrecogin alfa (activated) was withdrawn from the market, the trial continued with a two-group parallel design. The analysis compared patients who received hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone with those who did not (placebo group).
Among the 1241 patients included in the trial, the 90-day mortality was 43.0% (264 of 614 patients) in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group and 49.1% (308 of 627 patients) in the placebo group (P=0.03). The relative risk of death in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group was 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.99). Mortality was significantly lower in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group than in the placebo group at ICU discharge (35.4% vs. 41.0%, P=0.04), hospital discharge (39.0% vs. 45.3%, P=0.02), and day 180 (46.6% vs. 52.5%, P=0.04) but not at day 28 (33.7% and 38.9%, respectively; P=0.06). The number of vasopressor-free days to day 28 was significantly higher in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group than in the placebo group (17 vs. 15 days, P<0.001), as was the number of organ-failure-free days (14 vs. 12 days, P=0.003). The number of ventilator-free days was similar in the two groups (11 days in the hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group and 10 in the placebo group, P=0.07). The rate of serious adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups, but hyperglycemia was more common in hydrocortisone-plus-fludrocortisone group.
In this trial involving patients with septic shock, 90-day all-cause mortality was lower among those who received hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique 2007 of the French Ministry of Social Affairs and Health; APROCCHSS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00625209 .).
感染导致的宿主反应失调,伴有循环、细胞和代谢异常,这是感染性休克的特征。我们假设,皮质醇加氟氢可的松或用活化的人凝血酶原复合物(Drotrecogin Alfa)治疗,可以调节宿主反应,从而改善感染性休克患者的临床结局。
在这项多中心、双盲、随机、2×2 析因设计的临床试验中,我们评估了皮质醇加氟氢可的松治疗、Drotrecogin Alfa(活化)、三种药物联合应用以及各自安慰剂的效果。主要结局是 90 天全因死亡率。次要结局包括重症监护病房(ICU)出院、医院出院以及第 28 天、第 180 天的死亡率,以及无血管加压药、机械通气或器官衰竭天数。Drotrecogin Alfa(活化)撤出市场后,试验继续进行两平行组设计。分析比较了接受皮质醇加氟氢可的松治疗的患者与未接受治疗的患者(安慰剂组)。
在这项试验纳入的 1241 例患者中,皮质醇加氟氢可的松组 90 天死亡率为 43.0%(614 例患者中有 264 例),安慰剂组为 49.1%(627 例患者中有 308 例)(P=0.03)。皮质醇加氟氢可的松组的死亡相对风险为 0.88(95%置信区间,0.78 至 0.99)。皮质醇加氟氢可的松组在 ICU 出院(35.4% vs. 41.0%,P=0.04)、医院出院(39.0% vs. 45.3%,P=0.02)和第 180 天(46.6% vs. 52.5%,P=0.04)的死亡率显著低于安慰剂组,而在第 28 天(分别为 33.7%和 38.9%,P=0.06)则无显著差异。皮质醇加氟氢可的松组至第 28 天的无血管加压药天数明显多于安慰剂组(17 天 vs. 15 天,P<0.001),无器官衰竭天数也明显多于安慰剂组(14 天 vs. 12 天,P=0.003)。两组无呼吸机天数相似(皮质醇加氟氢可的松组为 11 天,安慰剂组为 10 天,P=0.07)。两组严重不良事件发生率无显著差异,但皮质醇加氟氢可的松组更常见高血糖。
在这项涉及感染性休克患者的试验中,接受皮质醇加氟氢可的松治疗的患者 90 天全因死亡率低于接受安慰剂治疗的患者。(由法国社会事务和卫生部 2007 年医院临床研究计划资助;APROCCHSS 临床试验.gov 编号,NCT00625209。)