Kramer A F, Donchin E
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1987 Jan;13(1):76-86. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.13.1.76.
The interaction between orthographic and phonological codes in a same-different judgment task was studied by requiring subjects to decide if two visually presented words either looked alike or rhymed. Word pairs were selected from four different lists. Words rhymed and looked alike, rhymed but did not look alike, looked alike but did not rhyme, or neither looked alike nor rhymed. Reaction time and percent error increased whenever there was a conflict between the orthography and phonology of the words. The N200 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) indicated that subjects were capable of detecting phonological differences between words within 260 ms from the presentation of a word pair. The amplitude of the N200s also varied with the degree of mismatch between words. N200s were largest when both the orthography and phonology mismatched, of intermediate amplitude when either orthography or phonology mismatched, and smallest when both orthography and phonology matched. P300 latency was consistent with reaction time, increasing whenever there was a conflict between the two codes. Taken together, behavioral measures and the ERP data suggest that the extraction of the orthographic and phonological aspects of words occurs early in the information processing sequence.
通过要求受试者判断两个视觉呈现的单词是看起来相似还是押韵，研究了在异同判断任务中拼写和语音编码之间的相互作用。单词对从四个不同的列表中选取。单词对包括押韵且看起来相似、押韵但看起来不相似、看起来相似但不押韵，或者既不看起来相似也不押韵。只要单词的拼写和语音之间存在冲突，反应时间和错误百分比就会增加。事件相关脑电位（ERP）的N200成分表明，受试者能够在呈现单词对后的260毫秒内检测到单词之间的语音差异。N200的幅度也随单词之间的不匹配程度而变化。当拼写和语音都不匹配时，N200最大；当拼写或语音不匹配时，N200幅度中等；当拼写和语音都匹配时，N200最小。P300潜伏期与反应时间一致，只要两种编码之间存在冲突就会增加。综合来看，行为测量和ERP数据表明，单词的拼写和语音方面的提取在信息处理序列中很早就发生了。
