Steffi Chris, Shi Zhilong, Kong Chee Hoe, Wang Wilson
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
J Funct Biomater. 2018 Feb 26;9(1):18. doi: 10.3390/jfb9010018.
Biomaterial integration in bone depends on bone remodelling at the bone-implant interface. Optimal balance of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone deposition by osteoblasts is crucial for successful implantation, especially in orthopaedic surgery. Most studies examined osteoblast differentiation on biomaterials, yet few research has been conducted to explore the effect of different orthopaedic implants on osteoclast development. This review covers, in detail, the biology of osteoclasts, in vitro models of osteoclasts, and modulation of osteoclast activity by different implant surfaces, bio-ceramics, and polymers. Studies show that surface topography influence osteoclastogenesis. For instance, metal implants with rough surfaces enhanced osteoclast activity, while smooth surfaces resulted in poor osteoclast differentiation. In addition, surface modification of implants with anti-osteoporotic drug further decreased osteoclast activity. In bioceramics, osteoclast development depended on different chemical compositions. Strontium-incorporated bioceramics decreased osteoclast development, whereas higher concentrations of silica enhanced osteoclast activity. Differences between natural and synthetic polymers also modulated osteoclastogenesis. Physiochemical properties of implants affect osteoclast activity. Hence, understanding osteoclast biology and its response to the natural microarchitecture of bone are indispensable to design suitable implant interfaces and scaffolds, which will stimulate osteoclasts in ways similar to that of native bone.
生物材料在骨中的整合取决于骨-植入物界面处的骨重塑。破骨细胞的骨吸收与成骨细胞的骨沉积之间的最佳平衡对于成功植入至关重要，尤其是在骨科手术中。大多数研究考察了生物材料上的成骨细胞分化，但很少有研究探讨不同骨科植入物对破骨细胞发育的影响。本综述详细介绍了破骨细胞的生物学特性、破骨细胞的体外模型，以及不同植入物表面、生物陶瓷和聚合物对破骨细胞活性的调节。研究表明，表面形貌会影响破骨细胞生成。例如，表面粗糙的金属植入物会增强破骨细胞活性，而光滑表面则导致破骨细胞分化不良。此外，用抗骨质疏松药物对植入物进行表面改性可进一步降低破骨细胞活性。在生物陶瓷中，破骨细胞的发育取决于不同的化学成分。掺入锶的生物陶瓷会减少破骨细胞的发育，而较高浓度的二氧化硅则会增强破骨细胞活性。天然聚合物和合成聚合物之间的差异也会调节破骨细胞生成。植入物的物理化学性质会影响破骨细胞活性。因此，了解破骨细胞生物学及其对骨自然微结构的反应对于设计合适的植入物界面和支架必不可少，这些界面和支架将以类似于天然骨的方式刺激破骨细胞。
