Krashevska Valentyna, Malysheva Elena, Klarner Bernhard, Mazei Yuri, Maraun Mark, Widyastuti Rahayu, Scheu Stefan
J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
Penza State University, Krasnaya Str. 40, 440026, Penza, Russia.
Oecologia. 2018 May;187(1):255-266. doi: 10.1007/s00442-018-4103-9. Epub 2018 Mar 1.
We investigated how the land-use change from rainforest into jungle rubber, intensive rubber and oil palm plantations affects decomposers and litter decomposition in Sumatra, Indonesia. Litterbags containing three litter types were placed into four land-use systems and harvested after 6 and 12 months. Litter mass loss and litter element concentrations were measured, and different microbial groups including bacteria, fungi and testate amoebae were studied. After 12 months 81, 65, 63 and 53% of litter exposed in rainforest, jungle rubber in oil palm and rubber plantations was decomposed. In addition to land use, litter decomposition varied strongly with litter type and short-term effects differed markedly from long-term effects. After 6 months, oil palm and rubber litter decomposed faster than rainforest litter, but after 12 months, decomposition of rainforest litter exceeded that of oil palm and rubber litter, reflecting adaptation of bacteria and fungi to decompose structural compounds in rainforest litter but not (or less) in rubber and oil palm litter. Bacterial and fungal community composition and testate amoeba species number and density varied strongly with litter type, but little with land use. However, community composition of testate amoebae was mainly affected by land use. Generally, changes in bacteria, fungi and testate amoebae were linked to changes in litter element concentrations, suggesting that element ratios of litter material as basal resource for the decomposer food web shape the structure of decomposer communities and decomposition processes via bottom-up forces. Overall, changing rainforest to monoculture plantations shifts the decomposer community structure and negatively affects litter decomposition.
我们调查了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛从雨林转变为丛林橡胶园、集约橡胶园和油棕种植园的土地利用变化如何影响分解者和凋落物分解。将装有三种凋落物类型的凋落物袋放置在四种土地利用系统中，并在6个月和12个月后进行收集。测量了凋落物质量损失和凋落物元素浓度，并研究了包括细菌、真菌和有壳变形虫在内的不同微生物群落。12个月后，暴露在雨林、丛林橡胶园、油棕和橡胶种植园中的凋落物分别有81%、65%、63%和53%被分解。除土地利用外，凋落物分解随凋落物类型变化很大，短期影响与长期影响明显不同。6个月后，油棕和橡胶凋落物比雨林凋落物分解得更快，但12个月后，雨林凋落物的分解超过了油棕和橡胶凋落物，这反映出细菌和真菌适应分解雨林凋落物中的结构化合物，但不适应（或较少适应）橡胶和油棕凋落物中的结构化合物。细菌和真菌群落组成以及有壳变形虫的物种数量和密度随凋落物类型变化很大，但随土地利用变化较小。然而，有壳变形虫的群落组成主要受土地利用影响。一般来说，细菌、真菌和有壳变形虫的变化与凋落物元素浓度的变化相关，这表明作为分解者食物网基础资源的凋落物材料的元素比率通过自下而上的力量塑造了分解者群落的结构和分解过程。总体而言，将雨林转变为单一栽培种植园会改变分解者群落结构，并对凋落物分解产生负面影响。
