Susanti Winda Ika, Bartels Tamara, Krashevska Valentyna, Widyastuti Rahayu, Deharveng Louis, Scheu Stefan, Potapov Anton
J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Goettingen Germany.
Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) Bogor Indonesia.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Jul 13;11(15):10686-10708. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7881. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Rainforest conversion and expansion of plantations in tropical regions are associated with changes in animal communities and biodiversity decline. In soil, Collembola are one of the most numerous invertebrate groups that affect the functioning of microbial communities and support arthropod predators. Despite that, information on the impact of changes in land use in the tropics on species and trait composition of Collembola communities is very limited. We investigated the response of Collembola to the conversion of rainforest into rubber agroforestry ("jungle rubber"), rubber, and oil palm plantations in Jambi Province (Sumatra, Indonesia), a region which experienced one of the strongest recent deforestation globally. Collembola were sampled in 2013 and 2016 from the litter and soil layer using heat extraction, and environmental factors were measured (litter C/N ratio, pH, water content, composition of microbial community and predator abundance). In the litter layer, density and species richness in plantation systems were 25%-38% and 30%-40% lower, respectively, than in rainforest. However, in the soil layer, density, species richness, and trait diversity of Collembola were only slightly affected by land-use change, contrasting the response of many other animal groups. Species and trait composition of Collembola communities in litter and soil differed between each of the land-use systems. Water content and pH were identified as main factors related to the differences in species and trait composition in both litter and soil, followed by the density of micro- and macropredators. Dominant species of Collembola in rainforest and jungle rubber were characterized by small body size, absence of furca, and absence of intense pigmentation, while in plantations, larger species with long furca and diffuse or patterned pigmentation were more abundant. Overall, land-use change negatively affected Collembola communities in the litter layer, but its impact was lower in the soil layer. Several pantropical genera of Collembola (i.e., , , and ) dominated across land-use systems, reflecting their high environmental adaptability and/or efficient dispersal, calling for studies on their ecology and genetic diversity. The decline in species richness and density of litter-dwelling Collembola with the conversion of rainforest into plantation systems calls for management practices mitigating negative effects of the deterioration of the litter layer in rubber plantations, but even more in oil palm plantations.
热带地区雨林的转变和种植园的扩张与动物群落的变化以及生物多样性的下降有关。在土壤中，弹尾目昆虫是数量最多的无脊椎动物类群之一，它们影响微生物群落的功能并为节肢动物捕食者提供支持。尽管如此，关于热带地区土地利用变化对弹尾目昆虫群落的物种和性状组成的影响的信息非常有限。我们调查了印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛占碑省雨林转变为橡胶农林复合系统（“丛林橡胶”）、橡胶园和油棕种植园后弹尾目昆虫的反应，该地区是近期全球森林砍伐最严重的地区之一。2013年和2016年，利用热萃取法从凋落物层和土壤层采集弹尾目昆虫样本，并测量环境因素（凋落物碳氮比、pH值、含水量、微生物群落组成和捕食者丰度）。在凋落物层，种植园系统中弹尾目昆虫的密度和物种丰富度分别比雨林低25%-38%和30%-40%。然而，在土壤层，弹尾目昆虫的密度、物种丰富度和性状多样性仅受到土地利用变化的轻微影响，这与许多其他动物类群的反应形成对比。不同土地利用系统中，凋落物层和土壤中弹尾目昆虫群落的物种和性状组成存在差异。含水量和pH值被确定为与凋落物层和土壤中物种和性状组成差异相关的主要因素，其次是微型和大型捕食者的密度。雨林和丛林橡胶中占主导地位的弹尾目昆虫物种的特征是体型小、无叉突、无强烈色素沉着，而在种植园中，具有长叉突和分散或有图案色素沉着的较大物种更为丰富。总体而言，土地利用变化对凋落物层中的弹尾目昆虫群落产生了负面影响，但其在土壤层中的影响较小。弹尾目昆虫的几个泛热带属（即 、 和 ）在不同土地利用系统中占主导地位，这反映了它们具有很高的环境适应性和/或有效的扩散能力，需要对它们的生态学和遗传多样性进行研究。随着雨林转变为种植园系统，栖息在凋落物层的弹尾目昆虫的物种丰富度和密度下降，这就需要采取管理措施来减轻橡胶种植园中凋落物层退化的负面影响，在油棕种植园中更是如此。
