Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 May;101:322-333. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.099. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the most frequent types of lung cancer characterized by its local advancement at diagnosis. Therefore, identification of new prognostic biomarkers has become one of the most important issue in NSCLC therapy. It is now well understood that genetic and epigenetic alterations are responsible for NSCLC development. Moreover, it has been recently revealed that the non-protein coding regions of the genome may serve as a template for transcription of various type of RNAs, collectively referred to as non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in multiple cellular processes and it has been suggested that aberrant expression of lncRNAs may lead to tumour development, including NSCLC. Furthermore, some of the established risk factors for NSCLC may have an impact on expression level of several types of lncRNAs, and thus, affect the lung carcinogenesis through lncRNAs regulation. In this review, we would like to summarise the to-date knowledge about lncRNAs as potential biomarkers in NSCLC and the role of various environmental factors, such as smoking and air pollution, in development and progression of this tumour and their effect on lncRNAs expression.
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）仍然是最常见的肺癌类型之一，其特征是在诊断时局部进展。因此，寻找新的预后生物标志物已成为 NSCLC 治疗的最重要问题之一。现在已经清楚的是，遗传和表观遗传改变是导致 NSCLC 发展的原因。此外，最近已经揭示，基因组的非蛋白编码区域可以作为各种类型 RNA 转录的模板，统称为非编码 RNA。非编码 RNA，包括长非编码 RNA（lncRNA），参与多种细胞过程，据推测，lncRNA 的异常表达可能导致肿瘤的发生，包括 NSCLC。此外，一些已确定的 NSCLC 风险因素可能会影响几种类型 lncRNA 的表达水平，从而通过 lncRNA 调节影响肺癌的发生。在这篇综述中，我们将总结目前关于 lncRNA 作为 NSCLC 潜在生物标志物的知识，以及各种环境因素（如吸烟和空气污染）在这种肿瘤的发生和发展中的作用，以及它们对 lncRNA 表达的影响。
