Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC); Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Affect Disord. 2018 May;232:212-218. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.055. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Abnormalities in affective cognition are putative endophenotypes for bipolar and unipolar disorders but it is unclear whether some abnormalities are disorder-specific. We therefore investigated affective cognition in monozygotic twins at familial risk of bipolar disorder relative to those at risk of unipolar disorder and to low-risk twins.
Seventy monozygotic twins with a co-twin history of bipolar disorder (n = 11), of unipolar disorder (n = 38) or without co-twin history of affective disorder (n = 21) were included. Variables of interest were recognition of and vigilance to emotional faces, emotional reactivity and -regulation in social scenarios and non-affective cognition.
Twins at familial risk of bipolar disorder showed increased recognition of low to moderate intensity of happy facial expressions relative to both unipolar disorder high-risk twins and low-risk twins. Bipolar disorder high-risk twins also displayed supraliminal attentional avoidance of happy faces compared with unipolar disorder high-risk twins and greater emotional reactivity in positive and neutral social scenarios and less reactivity in negative social scenarios than low-risk twins. In contrast with our hypothesis, there was no negative bias in unipolar disorder high-risk twins. There were no differences between the groups in demographic characteristics or non-affective cognition.
The modest sample size limited the statistical power of the study.
Increased sensitivity and reactivity to positive social stimuli may be a neurocognitive endophenotype that is specific for bipolar disorder. If replicated in larger samples, this 'positive endophenotype' could potentially aid future diagnostic differentiation between unipolar and bipolar disorder.
情感认知异常是双相和单相障碍的假定内表型，但尚不清楚某些异常是否具有障碍特异性。因此，我们研究了双相障碍家族风险的同卵双胞胎与单相障碍风险和低风险双胞胎的情感认知。
70 对同卵双胞胎中有双相障碍共病史（n=11）、单相障碍共病史（n=38）或无共病史（n=21）。感兴趣的变量包括对情绪面孔的识别和警觉性、社会情境中的情绪反应和调节以及非情感认知。
与单相障碍高风险双胞胎和低风险双胞胎相比，双相障碍高风险双胞胎对低至中等强度的快乐面部表情的识别能力增加。与单相障碍高风险双胞胎相比，双相障碍高风险双胞胎对快乐的面孔存在超敏注意回避，在积极和中性的社会情境中表现出更强的情绪反应，在消极的社会情境中表现出较弱的反应。与我们的假设相反，单相障碍高风险双胞胎没有表现出负性偏差。各组在人口统计学特征或非情感认知方面无差异。
样本量较小限制了研究的统计效力。
对积极社会刺激的敏感性和反应性增加可能是双相障碍的神经认知内表型。如果在更大的样本中得到复制，这种“阳性内表型”可能有助于未来对单相和双相障碍的诊断区分。
