The Arthritis Program. Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, MP10-316, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit. Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St, MP10-310, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Mar 2;18(1):304. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5189-z.
Using longitudinal panel data, the aim of this study was to examine the contribution of age, period, and cohort effects on changes in physical activity over time in a population-based sample of Canadians. We focused on three domains of physical activities: leisure time, commuting (i.e. walking and cycling), and daily activities (i.e. sedentary behavior). We also examined whether changes in sedentary behavior related to changes in participation in leisure time and commuting activities.
We used data from the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey (1994-2011): 10050 participants born between 1935 and 1984 grouped in five 10-years birth cohorts. We examined three outcomes: moderate-to-vigorous leisure time physical activity, active commuting, and sedentary behavior. We also included education, income, and body mass index as covariates. We used hierarchical age-period-cohort analysis to examine the contribution of age, period, and cohort effects to changes over time for each outcome.
We found that recent cohorts were more likely to report sedentary behavior and greater participation in leisure time physical activities and active commuting. We also found a significant trend of increasing participation in active leisure time physical activity and active commuting among Canadians from 1994/95 to 2010/11 and, at the same time, an increase in sedentary behavior. The greater participation in leisure time physical activities and active commuting in each succeeding recent cohort was partially related to the secular trend of increasing participation in physical activities over time in the population. Furthermore, those with sedentary behavior were less likely to report participation in physical activities. Overall, obese individuals were less likely to be physically active and more likely to be sedentary, while the effect of socio-economic status varied by outcome.
The greater participation in physical activities (leisure time and commuting) in recent cohorts is encouraging and was substantially explained by period effects, which reflect broad social and environmental factors affecting the whole population. The large cohort effect of increasing sedentary behavior and the inverse relationship between sedentary behavior and physical activity is concerning, and identifies a target group for future interventions.
本研究使用纵向面板数据，旨在检验年龄、时期和队列效应对加拿大人群基于人群样本中随时间推移的体力活动变化的贡献。我们关注三个体力活动领域：休闲时间、通勤（即步行和骑自行车）和日常活动（即久坐行为）。我们还研究了久坐行为的变化是否与休闲时间和通勤活动参与度的变化有关。
我们使用了纵向全国人口健康调查（1994-2011 年）的数据：10050 名出生于 1935 年至 1984 年的参与者分为五个 10 年出生队列。我们研究了三个结果：中度至剧烈的休闲时间体力活动、积极的通勤和久坐行为。我们还将教育、收入和体重指数作为协变量。我们使用分层年龄-时期-队列分析来检验每个结果随时间变化的年龄、时期和队列效应的贡献。
我们发现，最近的队列更有可能报告久坐行为以及更多地参与休闲时间体力活动和积极的通勤。我们还发现，从 1994/95 年到 2010/11 年，加拿大参与积极休闲时间体力活动和积极通勤的人数呈显著增加趋势，同时久坐行为也在增加。每个后续的近期队列中休闲时间体力活动和积极通勤的参与度增加，部分原因是人群中体力活动参与度随时间推移的长期趋势。此外，久坐行为者不太可能报告参与体力活动。总体而言，肥胖者参与体力活动的可能性较小，久坐的可能性较大，而社会经济地位的影响因结果而异。
最近的队列中体力活动（休闲时间和通勤）的参与度增加令人鼓舞，这主要是由反映影响整个人群的广泛社会和环境因素的时期效应解释的。久坐行为增加的大队列效应以及久坐行为与体力活动之间的反比关系令人担忧，这确定了未来干预的目标人群。
