Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Mar 2;11(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2735-6.
The health impact of mosquito-borne diseases causes a huge burden on human societies. Recent vector control campaigns have resulted in promising declines in incidence and prevalence of these diseases, notably malaria, but resistance to insecticides and drugs are on the rise, threatening to overturn these gains. Moreover, several vector-borne diseases have re-emerged, requiring prompt and effective response measures. To improve and properly implement vector control interventions, the behaviour of the vectors must be well understood with detailed examination of mosquito flight being an essential component. Current knowledge on mosquito behaviour across its life history is briefly presented, followed by an overview of recent developments in automated tracking techniques for detailed interpretation of mosquito behaviour. These techniques allow highly accurate recording and observation of mating, feeding and oviposition behaviour. Software programmes built with specific algorithms enable quantification of these behaviours. For example, the crucial role of heat on host landing and the multimodal integration of carbon dioxide (CO) with other host cues, has been unravelled based on three-dimensional tracking of mosquito flight behaviour. Furthermore, the behavioural processes underlying house entry and subsequent host searching and finding can be better understood by analysis of detailed flight recordings. Further potential of these technologies to solve knowledge gaps is discussed. The use of tracking techniques can support or replace existing monitoring tools and provide insights on mosquito behaviour that can lead to innovative and more effective vector-control measures.
蚊媒疾病对人类社会造成了巨大的健康负担。最近的病媒控制运动已导致这些疾病（尤其是疟疾）的发病率和患病率显著下降，但抗药性和药物耐药性却在上升，这有可能使这些成果付诸东流。此外，几种蚊媒疾病又重新出现，需要迅速采取有效的应对措施。为了改进和正确实施病媒控制干预措施，必须充分了解病媒的行为，而详细研究蚊子的飞行行为则是一个重要组成部分。本文简要介绍了蚊子在其整个生命周期中的行为知识，并概述了最近在自动跟踪技术方面的进展，这些技术可详细解读蚊子的行为。这些技术可实现对交配、取食和产卵行为的高度精确记录和观察。通过特定算法构建的软件程序可以对这些行为进行量化。例如，基于蚊子飞行行为的三维跟踪，揭示了热对宿主着陆以及二氧化碳（CO）与其他宿主线索的多模态整合的关键作用。此外，通过对详细飞行记录的分析，可以更好地理解蚊子进入房屋后寻找和发现宿主的行为过程。本文进一步讨论了这些技术在解决知识空白方面的潜在应用。跟踪技术的使用可以支持或替代现有的监测工具，并深入了解蚊子的行为，从而可以提出创新性的、更有效的病媒控制措施。
