Revealing complex mosquito behaviour: a review of current automated video tracking systems suitable for tracking mosquitoes in the field.

Mosquito-borne pathogens continue to cause tremendous suffering, morbidity and mortality. For many of these diseases, vector control remains the most effective approach. The development and deployment of effective and efficient mosquito control products and strategies require a profound understanding of mosquito behaviour. To study complex mosquito behaviour, automated video tracking of mosquito flight paths has proven to be a comprehensive approach, and several video tracking approaches have emerged in recent years, making the choice for a suitable system challenging. Here, we conducted a literature review by searching PubMed and Google Scholar, and we identified 66 publications focusing on mosquito video tracking, which made use of eight different systems. We then compared and scored those video tracking systems by assessing their performance in the laboratory as well as their potential suitability for tracking mosquito behaviour in a field setting. While all eight systems have produced valuable information on mosquito behaviour, for tracking mosquitoes in the field, 'Braid', 'EthoVision XT' and 'Trackit3D' appear to be the most suitable systems as they need small disk capacity and are well adaptable to different settings. However, the optimal choice will ultimately depend on the specifications required to answer a given research question, the financial resources available and user preferences.