van Vugt Floris T, Ostry David J
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018 Mar 3. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13608.
Sensorimotor learning requires knowledge of the relationship between movements and sensory effects: a sensorimotor map. Generally, these mappings are not innate but have to be learned. During learning, the challenge is to build a continuous map from a set of discrete observations, that is, predict locations of novel targets. One hypothesis is that the learner linearly interpolates among discrete observations that are already in the map. Here, this hypothesis is tested by exposing human subjects to a novel mapping between arm movements and sounds. Participants were passively moved to the edges of the workspace receiving the corresponding sounds and then were presented intermediate sounds and asked to make movements to locations they thought corresponded to those sounds. It is observed that average movements roughly match linear interpolation of the space. However, the actual distribution of participants' movements is best described by a bimodal reaching strategy in which they move to one of two locations near the workspace edge where they had prior exposure to the sound-movement pairing. These results suggest that interpolation happens to a limited extent only and that the acquisition of sensorimotor maps may not be driven by interpolation but instead relies on a flexible recombination of instance-based learning.
即感觉运动图谱。一般来说，这些映射并非天生就有，而是需要学习的。在学习过程中，挑战在于从一组离散的观察结果构建一个连续的图谱，也就是说，预测新目标的位置。一种假设是，学习者在图谱中已有的离散观察结果之间进行线性插值。在此，通过让人类受试者接触手臂动作与声音之间的新映射来检验这一假设。参与者被被动地移动到工作空间的边缘并接收相应的声音，然后呈现中间声音，并要求他们向他们认为与这些声音对应的位置移动。观察到平均动作大致与空间的线性插值相匹配。然而，参与者动作的实际分布最好用一种双峰到达策略来描述，即他们移动到工作空间边缘附近他们之前接触过声音 - 动作配对的两个位置之一。这些结果表明，插值仅在有限程度上发生，并且感觉运动图谱的获取可能不是由插值驱动的，而是依赖于基于实例学习的灵活重组。
