Post Andrew, Kendall Marshall, Cournoyer Janie, Karton Clara, Oeur R Anna, Dawson Lauren, Hoshizaki T Blaine
a Human Kinetics , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada.
b Division of Neurosurgery , St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada.
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2018 Feb;21(3):264-277. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2018.1445229. Epub 2018 Mar 4.
Concussion in American football is a prevalent concern. Research has been conducted examining frequencies, location, and thresholds for concussion from impacts. Little work has been done examining how impact location may affect risk of concussive injury. The purpose of this research was to examine how impact site on the helmet and type of impact, affects the risk of concussive injury as quantified using finite element modelling of the human head and brain. A linear impactor was used to impact a helmeted Hybrid III headform in several locations and using centric and non-centric impact vectors. The resulting dynamic response was used as input for the Wayne State Brain Injury Model to determine the risk of concussive injury by utilizing maximum principal strain as the predictive variable. The results demonstrated that impacts that occur primarily to the side of the head resulted in higher magnitudes of strain in the grey and white matter, as well as the brain stem. Finally, commonly worn American football helmets were used in this research and significant risk of injury was incurred for all impacts. These results suggest that improvements in American football helmets are warranted, in particular for impacts to the side of the helmet.
美式橄榄球中的脑震荡是一个普遍令人担忧的问题。已经开展了研究来调查脑震荡因撞击产生的频率、位置和阈值。但在研究撞击位置如何影响脑震荡损伤风险方面所做的工作很少。本研究的目的是通过使用人头和大脑的有限元模型来量化研究头盔上的撞击部位和撞击类型如何影响脑震荡损伤风险。使用线性撞击器在多个位置并采用中心和非中心撞击向量对佩戴头盔的Hybrid III头模进行撞击。将由此产生的动态响应作为韦恩州立大学脑损伤模型的输入，通过利用最大主应变作为预测变量来确定脑震荡损伤风险。结果表明，主要发生在头部侧面的撞击会导致灰质、白质以及脑干中产生更高程度的应变。最后，本研究使用了美式橄榄球中常用的头盔，所有撞击都产生了显著的受伤风险。这些结果表明，美式橄榄球头盔有必要进行改进，特别是针对头盔侧面的撞击。
