Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Ryukoku University.
School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University.
J Epidemiol. 2018;28 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S10-S16. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20170249.
Socioeconomic status (SES) imbalances in developed and developing countries may result in individuals being overweight and obese. However, few studies have investigated this issue in Japan. We herein examined the relationship between SES and being underweight, overweight or obese according to sex and age groups (20-64 or ≥65 years) in Japan.
In 2010, we established a cohort of participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan. We divided 2,491 participants (1,081 men and 1,410 women) according to the WHO definitions of underweight, overweight or obesity and performed multinomial logistic analyses using BMI <18.5 kg/m (underweight), BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m (overweight), and BMI ≥30.0 kg/m (obese) versus BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m (normal) as the outcome, with SES groups as the main explanatory variables.
In adult men, a lower education level relative to a higher education level was inversely associated with obesity after adjustments for other SESs (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-0.96). However, in adult women, lower education level was positively associated with being overweight and obese (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07-2.49 for overweight and OR 2.66; 95% CI, 1.01-7.01 for obese). In adult women, a lower household income was positively associated with being overweight and obese (obese: OR 4.84; 95% CI, 1.36-17.18 for those with a household income <2 million JPY relative to those with ≥6 million JPY).
In adult women, a lower education level and lower household income were positively associated with being overweight or obese. In contrast, in adult men, a lower education level was inversely associated with obesity. Gender and age differences in SESs affect the prevalence of being overweight or obese.
在发达国家和发展中国家，社会经济地位（SES）的不平衡可能导致个体超重和肥胖。然而，很少有研究调查过日本的这个问题。我们在此根据性别和年龄组（20-64 岁或≥65 岁）检查了 SES 与体重不足、超重或肥胖之间的关系。
2010 年，我们建立了日本国民健康和营养调查的参与者队列。我们根据世界卫生组织（WHO）关于体重不足、超重或肥胖的定义，将 2491 名参与者（男性 1081 名，女性 1410 名）分为体重不足、超重或肥胖组，并使用 BMI <18.5kg/m（体重不足）、BMI 25.0-29.9kg/m（超重）和 BMI ≥30.0kg/m（肥胖）与 BMI 18.5-24.9kg/m（正常）作为结果，以 SES 组为主要解释变量进行多变量逻辑分析。
在成年男性中，与其他 SES 相比，相对较高的教育水平与肥胖呈负相关（比值比 [OR] 0.41；95%置信区间 [CI]，0.18-0.96）。然而，在成年女性中，较低的教育水平与超重和肥胖呈正相关（超重：OR 1.67；95% CI，1.07-2.49；肥胖：OR 2.66；95% CI，1.01-7.01）。在成年女性中，较低的家庭收入与超重和肥胖呈正相关（肥胖：与家庭收入≥600 万日元的人相比，家庭收入<200 万日元的人 OR 4.84；95% CI，1.36-17.18）。
在成年女性中，较低的教育水平和较低的家庭收入与超重或肥胖呈正相关。相比之下，在成年男性中，较低的教育水平与肥胖呈负相关。性别和年龄 SES 差异影响超重或肥胖的流行率。
