Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 BC, Canada.
School of Public Health, University of Chile, Avenida Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Aug;23(S1):s39-s50. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004439. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
To assess the relationship between malnutrition, socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity in Chilean adult population.
Nationally representative survey (ENS) conducted in 2016-2017. Sociodemographic information, weight, height and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured (2003 ENS). Excess weight was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Undernutrition included underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2), short stature (height <1·49 m in women and <1·62 m in men) or anaemia (Hb <12 g/l). Education and household income level were used as indicators of SES; ethnicity was self-reported. We applied linear combinations of estimators to compare the prevalence of excess weight and undernutrition by SES and ethnicity.
Chile.
In total, 5082 adults ≥20 years (64 % women) and 1739 women ≥20 years for anaemia analyses.
Overall, >75 % of women and men had excess weight. Low SES women either by income or education had higher excess weight ((82·0 (77·1, 86·1) v. 65·0 (54·8, 74·1)) by income; (85·3 (80·6, 89·0) v. 68·2 (61·6, 74·1) %) by education) and short stature (20-49 years; 31(17·9, 48·2) v. 5·2 (2·2,11·4) by education); obesity was also more frequent among indigenous women (20-49 years; 55·8 (44·4, 66·6) v. 37·2 (32·7, 42·0) %) than non-indigenous women. In men, excess weight did not significantly differ by SES or ethnicity, but short stature concentrated in low SES (20-49 years; 47·6 (24·6, 71·6) v. 4·5 (2·1, 9·5) by education) and indigenous men (21·5 (11·9, 5·5, 11·9) v. 8·2 (5·5, 11·9)) (P < 0·05 for all).
In Chile, malnutrition is disproportionately concentrated among women of low SES and indigenous origin; these inequalities should be considered when implementing prevention policies.
评估营养不良、社会经济地位（SES）和智利成年人口族裔之间的关系。
2016-2017 年进行的全国代表性调查（ENS）。测量了社会人口统计学信息、体重、身高和血红蛋白（Hb）（2003 年 ENS）。超重定义为 BMI≥25kg/m2。营养不良包括体重不足（BMI＜18.5kg/m2）、身材矮小（女性身高＜1.49m，男性＜1.62m）或贫血（Hb＜12g/l）。教育和家庭收入水平用作 SES 的指标；族裔为自我报告。我们应用估计量的线性组合来比较 SES 和族裔的超重和营养不良的患病率。
智利。
共有 5082 名≥20 岁的成年人（64%为女性）和 1739 名≥20 岁的女性进行贫血分析。
总体而言，超过 75%的女性和男性超重。低收入 SES 的女性，无论是收入低还是受教育程度低，超重的比例都更高（收入低：82.0（77.1，86.1）比 65.0（54.8，74.1）；受教育程度低：85.3（80.6，89.0）比 68.2（61.6，74.1）%）和身材矮小（20-49 岁；31（17.9，48.2）比 5.2（2.2，11.4）%）；20-49 岁的土著女性肥胖的比例也更高（55.8（44.4，66.6）比 37.2（32.7，42.0）%）。在男性中，SES 或族裔对超重没有显著影响，但身材矮小主要集中在低收入 SES（20-49 岁；47.6（24.6，71.6）比 4.5（2.1，9.5）%）和土著男性（21.5（11.9，5.5，11.9）比 8.2（5.5，11.9）%）（所有 P＜0.05）。
在智利，营养不良在 SES 低和土著出身的女性中不成比例地集中；在实施预防政策时，应考虑到这些不平等。
