Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy Group (ECRE), School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom.
Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Eastern Corridor Renewable Energy Group (ECRE), School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2018 May 1;213:400-408. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.092.
Fruit peel, an abundant waste, represents a potential bio-resource to be converted into useful materials instead of being dumped in landfill sites. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a harmful waste that should also be treated before it can safely be released to the environment. In this study, pyrolysis of banana and orange peels was performed under different temperatures to produce biochar that was then examined as adsorbent in POME treatment. The pyrolysis generated 30.7-47.7 wt% yield of a dark biochar over a temperature ranging between 400 and 500 °C. The biochar contained no sulphur and possessed a hard texture, low volatile content (≤34 wt%), and high amounts of fixed carbon (≥72 wt%), showing durability in terms of high resistance to chemical reactions such as oxidation. The biochar showed a surface area of 105 m/g and a porous structure containing mesopores, indicating its potential to provide many adsorption sites for use as an adsorbent. The use of the biochar as adsorbent to treat the POME showed a removal efficiency of up to 57% in reducing the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand COD, total suspended solid (TSS) and oil and grease (O&G) of POME to an acceptable level below the discharge standard. Our results indicate that pyrolysis shows promise as a technique to transform banana and orange peel into value-added biochar for use as adsorbent to treat POME. The recovery of biochar from fruit waste also shows advantage over traditional landfill approaches in disposing this waste.
果皮是一种丰富的废弃物，代表了一种潜在的生物资源，可以转化为有用的材料，而不是被倾倒在垃圾填埋场中。棕榈油厂废水（POME）是一种有害废物，在安全排放到环境中之前也应该进行处理。在这项研究中，香蕉皮和橙皮在不同温度下进行热解，以产生生物炭，然后将其用作 POME 处理中的吸附剂进行研究。热解在 400 至 500°C 的温度范围内产生了 30.7-47.7 wt%的深色生物炭，生物炭不含硫，质地坚硬，挥发物含量低（≤34 wt%），固定碳含量高（≥72 wt%），显示出在化学反应方面的高稳定性，如氧化。生物炭的比表面积为 105 m/g，且具有包含中孔的多孔结构，表明其具有提供许多吸附位点的潜力，可作为吸附剂使用。将生物炭用作吸附剂处理 POME 可将生化需氧量（BOD）、化学需氧量（COD）、总悬浮固体（TSS）和油和油脂（O&G）的浓度降低至可接受的排放标准以下，去除效率高达 57%。我们的结果表明，热解是将香蕉皮和橙皮转化为增值生物炭的一种有前途的技术，可作为吸附剂用于处理 POME。从水果废物中回收生物炭也显示出在处理这种废物方面优于传统的垃圾填埋方法的优势。
