Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
J Neurol Sci. 2018 Jun 15;389:35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Feb 5.
Tardive syndromes are a group of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders that occur after some delay following exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents such as antipsychotic and anti-emetic drugs. The severity of these disorders ranges from mild to disabling or even life-threatening. There is a wide range of recognized tardive phenomenologies that may occur in isolation or in combination with each other. These phenomenologies include stereotypy, dystonia, chorea, akathisia, myoclonus, tremor, tics, gait disorders, parkinsonism, ocular deviations, respiratory dyskinesia, and a variety of sensory symptoms. Recognition of the various tardive phenomenologies may not only lead to early diagnosis but also to appropriate therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the diagnosis and clinical course of tardive syndromes and how to distinguish between the various phenomenologies as well as how to differentiate them from other, similar but etiologically different, movement disorders.
迟发性综合征是一组在接触多巴胺受体阻滞剂（如抗精神病药和止吐药）后出现的迟发性运动障碍，包括运动过多和运动过少。这些疾病的严重程度从轻度到致残甚至危及生命不等。有广泛的公认的迟发性现象，可能单独发生或相互组合发生。这些现象包括刻板动作、肌张力障碍、舞蹈病、静坐不能、肌阵挛、震颤、抽搐、步态障碍、帕金森病、眼球偏斜、呼吸运动障碍以及各种感觉症状。识别各种迟发性现象不仅可以早期诊断，还可以进行适当的治疗干预。这篇综述重点介绍迟发性综合征的诊断和临床过程，以及如何区分各种现象，以及如何将其与其他类似但病因不同的运动障碍区分开来。
