Church A Timothy
Department of Educational Leadership, Sport Studies, and Educational/Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2136, United States.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2016 Apr;8:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.09.014. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
Current questions in the study of personality traits across cultures include (a) the universality versus cultural uniqueness of trait structure, (b) cultural differences in trait levels, (c) the consistency and validity of traits and their measures across cultures, and (d) the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality. Although the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality continues to find cross-cultural support, new research suggests that the model may be difficult to replicate in less educated or preliterate groups and that indigenous social-relational concepts may be distinguishable from the FFM in some cultures. In lexical studies, two or three broad dimensions may replicate better across cultures than alternative models. Substantial evidence suggests that mean trait profiles of cultures may be reasonably accurate. Nonetheless, research on response styles and measurement invariance raises questions about cross-cultural trait comparisons. Findings regarding cultural differences in trait-related consistency and validity are mixed. Researchers are offering innovative theory and research on the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural contexts of personality.
(a) 特质结构的普遍性与文化独特性；(b) 特质水平的文化差异；(c) 特质及其测量方法在不同文化中的一致性和有效性；以及 (d) 人格的进化、生态和文化背景。尽管人格五因素模型 (FFM) 持续获得跨文化支持，但新研究表明，该模型在受教育程度较低或未受过教育的群体中可能难以复制，并且在某些文化中，本土社会关系概念可能与FFM有所不同。在词汇研究中，两到三个宽泛维度在不同文化中的复制效果可能优于其他模型。大量证据表明，不同文化的平均特质概况可能相当准确。尽管如此，关于反应风格和测量不变性的研究对跨文化特质比较提出了疑问。关于特质相关一致性和有效性的文化差异的研究结果好坏参半。研究人员正在就人格的进化、生态和文化背景提供创新理论和研究。
