Plazas Elberto A, Villamil Carlos-Wilcen
Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2018 Mar;109(2):380-393. doi: 10.1002/jeab.322. Epub 2018 Mar 6.
This study presents three experiments that aimed to show the formation of stimulus equivalence relations among stimuli that had been previously related only by exclusion. In Experiment 1, participants were trained on baseline conditional discriminations to establish two 3-member equivalence classes. Then, they were exposed to exclusion trials, without feedback, in which undefined stimuli had to be matched by rejecting the defined baseline stimuli. Finally, participants responded to test trials evaluating the emergence of symmetry and transitivity among the undefined stimuli from the exclusion trials. For half of the participants, the stimuli related by exclusion were introduced as S- stimuli in the baseline trials, whereas for the other half they were not. Further, half of the participants were assessed for emergent relations with stimuli from all the classes, whereas the other half was assessed for emergent relations with only the stimuli related by exclusion. In Experiment 2, the S- comparisons in the emergent relations test trials with stimuli only related by exclusion were stimuli from a null class. In Experiment 3, the number of exclusion trials was doubled. Across experiments, most participants showed emergence of equivalence relations among the stimuli related by exclusion. Some conditions of stimulus control associated with exclusion learning and the emergence of equivalence relations are discussed.
本研究呈现了三项实验，旨在展示在先前仅通过排除相关的刺激之间形成刺激等价关系。在实验1中，参与者接受基线条件辨别训练，以建立两个由3个成员组成的等价类。然后，他们在无反馈的排除试验中接受测试，在这些试验中，未定义的刺激必须通过拒绝已定义的基线刺激来进行匹配。最后，参与者对测试试验做出反应，评估排除试验中未定义刺激之间对称性和传递性的出现情况。对于一半的参与者，在基线试验中，通过排除相关的刺激被作为S-刺激引入，而对于另一半参与者则未引入。此外，一半的参与者被评估与所有类别的刺激之间的新兴关系，而另一半则仅被评估与通过排除相关的刺激之间的新兴关系。在实验2中，在仅与通过排除相关的刺激进行新兴关系测试试验中的S-比较，是来自空类别的刺激。在实验3中，排除试验的数量增加了一倍。在所有实验中，大多数参与者在通过排除相关的刺激之间表现出等价关系的出现。讨论了与排除学习和等价关系出现相关的一些刺激控制条件。
