Perez William F, Tomanari Gerson Y, Vaidya Manish
Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto Nacional sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino, Brazil.
Paradigma - Centro de Ciências do Comportamento, Brazil.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2015 Sep;104(2):146-66. doi: 10.1002/jeab.164. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
The present study used a single-subject design to evaluate the effects of select or reject control on equivalence class formation and transfer of function. Adults were exposed to a matching-to-sample task with observing requirements (MTS-OR) in order to bias the establishment of sample/S+ (select) or sample/S- (reject) relations. In Experiment 1, four sets of baseline conditional relations were taught-two under reject control (A1B2C1, A2B1C2) and two under select control (D1E1F1, D2E2F2). Participants were tested for transitivity, symmetry, equivalence and reflexivity. They also learned a simple discrimination involving one of the stimuli from the equivalence classes and were tested for the transfer of the discriminative function. In general, participants performed with high accuracy on all equivalence-related probes as well as the transfer of function probes under select control. Under reject control, participants had high scores only on the symmetry test; transfer of function was attributed to stimuli programmed as S-. In Experiment 2, the equivalence class under reject control was expanded to four members (A1B2C1D2; A2B1C2D1). Participants had high scores only on symmetry and on transitivity and equivalence tests involving two nodes. Transfer of function was extended to the programmed S- added to each class. Results from both experiments suggest that select and reject controls might differently affect the formation of equivalence classes and the transfer of stimulus functions.
本研究采用单被试设计，以评估选择或拒绝控制对等价类形成和功能转移的影响。让成年人参与一项带有观察要求的样本匹配任务（MTS - OR），以便偏向于建立样本/S +（选择）或样本/S -（拒绝）关系。在实验1中，教授了四组基线条件关系——两组在拒绝控制下（A1B2C1，A2B1C2），两组在选择控制下（D1E1F1，D2E2F2）。对参与者进行传递性、对称性、等价性和自反性测试。他们还学习了一项涉及等价类中一个刺激的简单辨别任务，并对辨别功能的转移进行测试。总体而言，参与者在所有与等价性相关的探测任务以及选择控制下的功能转移探测任务中表现出高精度。在拒绝控制下，参与者仅在对称性测试中得分较高；功能转移归因于被设定为S - 的刺激。在实验2中，将拒绝控制下的等价类扩展为四个成员（A1B2C1D2；A2B1C2D1）。参与者仅在对称性以及涉及两个节点的传递性和等价性测试中得分较高。功能转移扩展到添加到每个类中的设定为S - 的刺激。两个实验的结果表明，选择和拒绝控制可能会对等价类的形成和刺激功能的转移产生不同影响。
