Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS-Université Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France.
Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS-Université Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France
Open Biol. 2018 Mar;8(3). doi: 10.1098/rsob.170266.
Microtubules are major constituents of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells. They are essential for chromosome segregation during cell division, for directional intracellular transport and for building specialized cellular structures such as cilia or flagella. Their assembly has to be controlled spatially and temporally. For this, the cell uses multiprotein complexes containing γ-tubulin. γ-Tubulin has been found in two different types of complexes, γ-tubulin small complexes and γ-tubulin ring complexes. Binding to adaptors and activator proteins transforms these complexes into structural templates that drive the nucleation of new microtubules in a highly controlled manner. This review discusses recent advances on the mechanisms of assembly, recruitment and activation of γ-tubulin complexes at microtubule-organizing centres.
微管是所有真核细胞细胞骨架的主要组成部分。它们对于细胞分裂过程中的染色体分离、定向的细胞内运输以及构建专门的细胞结构（如纤毛或鞭毛）至关重要。它们的组装必须在空间和时间上得到控制。为此，细胞使用含有γ-微管蛋白的多蛋白复合物。γ-微管蛋白已在两种不同类型的复合物中被发现，即γ-微管蛋白小复合物和γ-微管蛋白环复合物。与衔接蛋白和激活蛋白的结合将这些复合物转化为结构模板，以高度受控的方式驱动新微管的成核。本综述讨论了微管组织中心处γ-微管蛋白复合物的组装、募集和激活机制的最新进展。
