Agyemang-Yeboah Francis, Yorke Joseph, Obirikorang Christian, Batu Emmanuella Nsenbah, Acheampong Emmanuel, Frempong Emmanuel Amankwaa, Anto Enoch Odame, Amankwaa Bright
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Surgery, School of Medical Science Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
Pan Afr Med J. 2017 Oct 6;28:121. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.28.121.12927. eCollection 2017.
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally and its incidence is increasing in developing countries. This study determined the incidence, clinical features and the histopathological patterns of colorectal cancer at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana.
A retrospective review of all colorectal cancer cases over a six year period from (2009-2015) presented to the Surgical and Oncological Department of KATH. Patients' records were retrieved and information on their demographics, clinical and pathological presentations recorded.
In all, 221 cases of colorectal cancer were identified over the study period. The mean age was 54 ± 16.8 and ranged from 16 to 90 years. Sixteen (7.24%) had family history of cancer and the prevalence of comorbidities was (24.89%). The commonest clinical symptoms presented were weight loss (44.80%), bleeding per rectum (39.82%) and abdominal pain (38.91%) Majority of the patients presented with rectal cancers (48.87%). Microscopically, adenocarcinoma (68.33%) was the most common histopathological type. According to Tumour Node Metastasis (TNM) staging of cancer, majority of the patients 89(40.27%) were identified as being in late stage (TNM Stage III). The overall crude annual incidence was 4.62 per 100000 populations. The age specific standardized incidence rate was 7.93 per 100,000 population.
This study has clearly showed a high incidence in colorectal cancer at KATH, with similar trends in clinico-pathological patterns comparable to that of most African countries. These include predominance of rectal cancers, high incidence among younger people and delayed presentation of the disease at advanced stage.
结直肠癌是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，其发病率在发展中国家呈上升趋势。本研究确定了加纳库马西Komfo Anokye教学医院（KATH）结直肠癌的发病率、临床特征和组织病理学模式。
对2009年至2015年六年间在KATH外科和肿瘤科就诊的所有结直肠癌病例进行回顾性研究。检索患者记录，并记录其人口统计学、临床和病理表现信息。
在研究期间共确定了221例结直肠癌病例。平均年龄为54±16.8岁，范围为16至90岁。16例（7.24%）有癌症家族史，合并症患病率为24.89%。最常见的临床症状是体重减轻（44.80%）、直肠出血（39.82%）和腹痛（38.91%）。大多数患者表现为直肠癌（48.87%）。显微镜下，腺癌（68.33%）是最常见的组织病理学类型。根据癌症的肿瘤淋巴结转移（TNM）分期，大多数患者89例（40.27%）被确定为晚期（TNM III期）。总体粗年发病率为每10万人口4.62例。年龄特异性标准化发病率为每10万人口7.93例。
本研究清楚地表明KATH结直肠癌发病率很高，临床病理模式趋势与大多数非洲国家相似。这些包括直肠癌占主导、年轻人发病率高以及疾病晚期就诊延迟。
