Department of Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
Department of Learning and Philosophy, The Techno-Anthropology Research Group, Kroghstræde 3, Building 4249, 9220, Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
Ambio. 2018 Apr;47(Suppl 2):213-225. doi: 10.1007/s13280-018-1028-9.
The formation of the North Water in Smith Sound about 4500 years ago, as evidenced by the establishment of bird colonies and human presence, also initiated a long-term anthropogenic agent as part of this High Arctic ecosystem. Different epochs have influenced the human occupation in the area: immigration pulses from Canada and Alaska, trade with meteorite iron throughout the Arctic, introduction of new technologies by whalers and explorers, exploitation of resources by foreigners, political sequestration, export of fox and seal skins and later narwhal products, and recently fishing. Physical drivers in terms of weather and climate affecting the northern hemisphere also impact accessibility and productivity of the ecosystem, with cascading effects on social drivers, again acting back on the natural ecologies. Despite its apparent isolation, the ecosystem had and still has wide ranging spatial ramifications that extend beyond the High Arctic, and include human activity. The challenge is to determine what is internal and what is external to an ecosystem.
大约 4500 年前，在鸟类聚居地和人类的出现的证据下，史密斯海峡的北水形成，这也启动了一个长期的人为因素，成为这个高北极生态系统的一部分。不同的时期影响了该地区的人类居住：来自加拿大和阿拉斯加的移民潮、与整个北极地区的陨石铁进行的贸易、捕鲸者和探险家引入的新技术、外国人对资源的开发、政治隔离、狐狸和海豹皮的出口以及后来的独角鲸产品的出口，以及最近的捕鱼业。影响北半球的天气和气候等自然驱动因素也会影响生态系统的可达性和生产力，对社会驱动因素产生级联效应，再次对自然生态系统产生影响。尽管该生态系统看似孤立，但它仍然具有广泛的空间影响，超出了高北极地区的范围，包括人类活动。挑战在于确定什么是生态系统的内部因素，什么是外部因素。
