School of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
School of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.
Neuroscience. 2018 May 21;379:93-102. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.043. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Extensive studies have shown that a sports expert is superior to a sports novice in visually perceptual-cognitive processes of sports scene information, however the attentional and neural basis of it has not been thoroughly explored. The present study examined whether a sport expert has the attentional superiority on scene information relevant to his/her sport skill, and explored what factor drives this superiority. To address this problem, EEGs were recorded as participants passively viewed sport scenes (tennis vs. non-tennis) and negative emotional faces in the context of a visual attention task, where the pictures of sport scenes or of negative emotional faces randomly followed the pictures with overlapping sport scenes and negative emotional faces. ERP results showed that for experts, the evoked potential of attentional competition elicited by the overlap of tennis scene was significantly larger than that evoked by the overlap of non-tennis scene, while this effect was absent for novices. The LORETA showed that the experts' left medial frontal gyrus (MFG) cortex was significantly more active as compared to the right MFG when processing the overlap of tennis scene, but the lateralization effect was not significant in novices. Those results indicate that experts have attentional superiority on skill-related scene information, despite intruding the scene through negative emotional faces that are prone to cause negativity bias toward their visual field as a strong distractor. This superiority is actuated by the activation of left MFG cortex and probably due to self-reference.
大量研究表明，相较于运动新手，运动专家在视觉感知认知加工运动场景信息方面具有优势，然而，其注意和神经基础尚未得到充分探究。本研究旨在检验运动专家是否对与其运动技能相关的场景信息具有注意优势，并探讨是什么因素驱动了这种优势。为了解决这个问题，我们在视觉注意任务中记录了参与者被动观看运动场景（网球 vs. 非网球）和负性情绪面孔时的脑电（EEG），其中运动场景或负性情绪面孔的图片随机跟随重叠的运动场景和负性情绪面孔的图片。ERP 结果表明，对于专家来说，网球场景重叠时引发的注意竞争诱发电位明显大于非网球场景重叠时的诱发电位，而新手则没有这种效应。LORETA 结果显示，处理网球场景重叠时，专家的左侧额内侧回（MFG）皮层比右侧 MFG 更活跃，但在新手组中这种侧化效应并不显著。这些结果表明，尽管负性情绪面孔会对其视野产生负性偏向，从而容易成为强烈的分心物，但专家仍对与技能相关的场景信息具有注意优势。这种优势是由左侧 MFG 皮层的激活驱动的，可能归因于自我参照。
