Kayser Jürgen, Tenke Craig E, Abraham Karen S, Alschuler Daniel M, Alvarenga Jorge E, Skipper Jamie, Warner Virginia, Bruder Gerard E, Weissman Myrna M
Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States.
Neuroimage. 2016 Nov 15;142:337-350. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.059. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
Event-related potential (ERP) studies have provided evidence for an allocation of attentional resources to enhance perceptual processing of motivationally salient stimuli. Emotional modulation affects several consecutive components associated with stages of affective-cognitive processing, beginning as early as 100-200ms after stimulus onset. In agreement with the notion that the right parietotemporal region is critically involved during the perception of arousing affective stimuli, some ERP studies have reported asymmetric emotional ERP effects. However, it is difficult to separate emotional from non-emotional effects because differences in stimulus content unrelated to affective salience or task demands may also be associated with lateralized function or promote cognitive processing. Other concerns pertain to the operational definition and statistical independence of ERP component measures, their dependence on an EEG reference, and spatial smearing due to volume conduction, all of which impede the identification of distinct scalp activation patterns associated with affective processing. Building on prior research using a visual half-field paradigm with highly controlled emotional stimuli (pictures of cosmetic surgery patients showing disordered [negative] or healed [neutral] facial areas before or after treatment), 72-channel ERPs recorded from 152 individuals (ages 13-68years; 81 female) were transformed into reference-free current source density (CSD) waveforms and submitted to temporal principal components analysis (PCA) to identify their underlying neuronal generator patterns. Using both nonparametric randomization tests and repeated measures ANOVA, robust effects of emotional content were found over parietooccipital regions for CSD factors corresponding to N2 sink (212ms peak latency), P3 source (385ms) and a late centroparietal source (630ms), all indicative of greater positivity for negative than neutral stimuli. For the N2 sink, emotional effects were right-lateralized and modulated by hemifield, with larger amplitude and asymmetry for left hemifield (right hemisphere) presentations. For all three factors, more positive amplitudes at parietooccipital sites were associated with increased ratings of negative valence and greater arousal. Distributed inverse solutions of the CSD-PCA-based emotional effects implicated a sequence of maximal activations in right occipitotemporal cortex, bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral inferior temporal cortex. These findings are consistent with hierarchical activations of the ventral visual pathway reflecting subsequent processing stages in response to motivationally salient stimuli.
事件相关电位(ERP)研究为注意力资源分配以增强对动机显著刺激的感知加工提供了证据。情绪调节会影响与情感认知加工阶段相关的几个连续成分,最早在刺激开始后100 - 200毫秒就会出现。与右顶颞区域在唤起情感刺激感知过程中起关键作用这一观点一致,一些ERP研究报告了不对称的情绪ERP效应。然而,由于与情感显著性或任务需求无关的刺激内容差异也可能与功能侧化相关或促进认知加工,所以很难将情绪效应与非情绪效应区分开来。其他问题涉及ERP成分测量的操作定义和统计独立性、它们对脑电图参考的依赖性以及由于容积传导导致的空间模糊,所有这些都阻碍了识别与情感加工相关的不同头皮激活模式。基于先前使用视觉半视野范式并采用高度受控的情绪刺激(整容手术患者治疗前后面部紊乱[负面]或愈合[中性]区域的图片)的研究,对152名个体(年龄13 - 68岁;81名女性)记录的72通道ERP进行转换,得到无参考电流源密度(CSD)波形,并进行时间主成分分析(PCA)以识别其潜在的神经元发生器模式。使用非参数随机化检验和重复测量方差分析,发现对于与N2波谷(峰值潜伏期212毫秒)、P3波源(385毫秒)和顶中央晚期波源(630毫秒)对应的CSD因子,在顶枕区域存在显著的情绪内容效应,所有这些都表明负面刺激比中性刺激具有更大的正性。对于N2波谷,情绪效应在右侧偏侧化并受半视野调节,左半视野(右半球)呈现时幅度更大且不对称性更强。对于所有三个因子,顶枕部位更正向的幅度与负性效价评分增加和更高的唤醒水平相关。基于CSD - PCA的情绪效应的分布式逆解表明,在右枕颞叶皮层、双侧后扣带回皮层和双侧颞下皮层存在一系列最大激活。这些发现与腹侧视觉通路的分层激活一致,反映了对动机显著刺激的后续加工阶段。