Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA.
Fam Process. 2019 Mar;58(1):114-128. doi: 10.1111/famp.12355. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Parents raising children adopted from a different racial/ethnic group usually engage in cultural socialization-providing activities in adoptees' birth culture-hoping to instill pride and help adoptees develop a positive identity. Adoptive parents engage in a wide variety of socialization activities, yet adult adoptees have reported not having deep enough exposure from their parents. The present study explored the depth of cultural socialization in transracial adoptive families. Informed by Pinderhughes' Ethnic-Racial Socialization model, this study developed a continuum examining the depth in cultural socialization with three indicators: (1) the depth of cultural activities, (2) parents' motivation for cultural socialization, and (3) parental cultural attitudes. Qualitative analyses of 41 White parents raising children adopted from China found that parents' motivation and acknowledgement of cultural differences reflected deep appreciation of adoptees' birth culture, however, activities they provided were not as deep. Activities that facilitated close relationships with people who shared adoptees' background in a natural context appeared to provide the deepest cultural connection. Despite limitations, the study demonstrated that the depth continuum was able to capture variations and nuances in cultural socialization. Suggestions for future research and recommendation for practice were also included.
父母在养育来自不同种族/民族群体的孩子时，通常会参与到文化社会化的过程中，即向被收养者的出生文化提供活动，希望能培养他们的自豪感并帮助他们形成积极的身份认同。养父母会参与各种各样的社会化活动，但成年被收养者报告说，他们从父母那里获得的深度不够。本研究探讨了跨种族收养家庭中的文化社会化深度。本研究以 Pinderhughes 的种族/民族社会化模型为指导，制定了一个连续体，通过三个指标来考察文化社会化的深度：（1）文化活动的深度，（2）父母进行文化社会化的动机，以及（3）父母的文化态度。对 41 名白人父母（他们养育了来自中国的被收养子女）进行的定性分析发现，父母的动机和对文化差异的认识反映了他们对被收养者出生文化的深度欣赏，但他们提供的活动却没有那么深入。那些在自然环境中为被收养者与具有相同背景的人建立密切关系提供便利的活动，似乎提供了最深入的文化联系。尽管存在局限性，但该研究表明，深度连续体能够捕捉到文化社会化中的变化和细微差别。还包括了对未来研究的建议和对实践的建议。
