Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities.
Dev Psychol. 2017 Nov;53(11):2066-2077. doi: 10.1037/dev0000421.
The relationship between ethnic socialization by parents, peers, and ethnic identity development was examined over a 7-year time span in a sample of 116 internationally adopted Korean American adolescents. Parent report data was collected in 2007 (Time 1 [T1]) when the adopted child was between 7 and 13 years old and again in 2014 at ages 13 to 20 years old (Time 2 [T2]). Adolescent report data also was collected in 2014. We examined differences in parent and adolescent reports of parental ethnic socialization at T2, changes in parent reports of ethnic socialization from T1 to T2, and the relationship among ethnic socialization by parents at T1 and T2, ethnic socialization by peers at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and resolution at T2. Results indicated parents reported higher levels of parental ethnic socialization than adolescents did at T2. Parent reports of parental ethnic socialization also decreased between childhood and adolescence. Adolescents reported higher parental ethnic socialization than peer ethnic socialization at T2. Path analysis demonstrated positive indirect pathways among parental ethnic socialization at T1, parental ethnic socialization and peer ethnic socialization at T2, and ethnic identity exploration and ethnic identity resolution at T2. The study highlights the cultural experiences of transracial, transnational adopted individuals, the role of both parents and peers in ethnic socialization and ethnic identity development, and the importance of longitudinal and multi-informant methodology. (PsycINFO Database Record
本研究在一个由 116 名韩裔美国家庭中收养的国际儿童样本中，考察了父母、同伴和种族认同发展的种族社会化之间的关系。在 7 年的时间跨度内，通过父母报告的数据在 2007 年（T1）收集，当时被收养的孩子年龄在 7 到 13 岁之间，在 2014 年再次收集，年龄在 13 到 20 岁之间（T2）。青少年报告的数据也在 2014 年收集。我们检查了 T2 时父母和青少年对父母种族社会化报告的差异，T1 到 T2 期间父母报告的种族社会化的变化，以及 T1 和 T2 时父母的种族社会化、T2 时同伴的种族社会化与种族认同探索和解决之间的关系。结果表明，父母报告的父母种族社会化程度高于青少年在 T2 时的报告。父母对父母种族社会化的报告也在童年到青春期之间下降。青少年在 T2 时报告的父母种族社会化高于同伴种族社会化。路径分析表明，T1 时父母的种族社会化、T2 时父母和同伴的种族社会化以及 T2 时的种族认同探索和种族认同解决之间存在积极的间接途径。该研究强调了跨种族、跨国收养个体的文化经验，父母和同伴在种族社会化和种族认同发展中的作用，以及纵向和多信息源方法的重要性。
