Yamamoto Tomofumi, Kosaka Nobuyoshi, Hattori Yutaka, Ochiya Takahiro
Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Clinical Physiology and Therapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0011, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2018 Mar 12;7(3):55. doi: 10.3390/jcm7030055.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells and is the second most common hematological cancer. MM frequently occurs in the elderly population with the median age as the middle sixties. Over the last 10 years, the prognosis of MM has been dramatically improved by new therapeutic drugs; however, MM is still incurable. The pathogenesis of MM is still unclear, thus greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MM malignancy is desirable. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to modulate the expression of genes critical for MM pathogenesis. In addition, miRNAs are secreted via extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are released from various cell types including MM cells, and these miRNAs are involved in multiple types of cell-cell interactions, which lead to the malignancy of MM. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of miRNA secretion via EVs and of EVs themselves in MM development. We also discuss the potential clinical applications of EVs as promising biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for improving the outcome of MM, resulting in a brighter future for aging societies.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是终末分化浆细胞的恶性肿瘤，是第二常见的血液系统癌症。MM常见于老年人群，中位年龄为65岁左右。在过去10年中，新型治疗药物显著改善了MM的预后；然而，MM仍然无法治愈。MM的发病机制仍不清楚，因此更深入了解MM恶性肿瘤的分子机制很有必要。最近，微小RNA（miRNA）被证明可调节对MM发病机制至关重要的基因的表达。此外，miRNA通过细胞外囊泡（EV）分泌，这些囊泡由包括MM细胞在内的各种细胞类型释放，并且这些miRNA参与多种细胞间相互作用，从而导致MM的恶性发展。在本综述中，我们总结了目前关于通过EV分泌的miRNA以及EV本身在MM发展中的作用的知识。我们还讨论了EV作为有前景的生物标志物和改善MM预后的新治疗靶点的潜在临床应用，为老龄化社会带来更光明的未来。
