Schubert H, Berova N, Czernielewski A, Hegyi E, Jirásek L, Kohánka V, Korossy S, Michailov P, Nebenführer L, Prater E
Contact Dermatitis. 1987 Mar;16(3):122-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1987.tb01403.x.
In 2400 consecutive patients at 8 clinics in 5 countries, nickel hypersensitivity was found in 176 cases (7.3%), 19 male (2.1%) and 157 female (10.5%). The incidence ranged from 15 to 38 cases in 300 patients of every department (5.0% Sofia to 12.7% Erfurt). 60.6% of the nickel positives were schoolgirls or younger than 25 years. The exposure time was 3 years, in 49% 1 year or shorter. Most cases (75%) are not occupationally acquired, but due to costume jewelry (31.8%), wrist watches (23.3%), metal clothing buckles (3.4%) including jeans buttons. Job dependent nickel dermatitis is often (36/51 cases) linked with wet work. Atopic dermatitis was found in 8.3% of female nickel allergy. Nickel positivity without a dermatitis history was seen in 9/176 cases (5%). Nickel allergy will become a sex-indifferent phenomenon in Europe, because of the changing customs of adornment.
在来自5个国家8家诊所的2400名连续患者中，发现176例（7.3%）对镍过敏，其中男性19例（2.1%），女性157例（10.5%）。每个科室300名患者中的发病例数在15至38例之间（索非亚为5.0%，爱尔福特为12.7%）。60.6%的镍过敏阳性患者为女学生或年龄小于25岁。接触时间为3年，49%的患者接触时间为1年或更短。大多数病例（75%）并非职业性获得，而是由于装饰性珠宝（31.8%）、手表（23.3%）、金属服装扣（3.4%，包括牛仔裤纽扣）。职业性镍皮炎常（36/51例）与湿作业有关。8.3%的女性镍过敏患者患有特应性皮炎。176例中有9例（5%）无皮炎病史但镍过敏呈阳性。由于装饰习俗的变化，镍过敏在欧洲将成为一种与性别无关的现象。
