Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.
Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2018 Oct;65(5):1190-1196. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12857. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
In recent decades, habitat change and the intensive management of wild ungulates for hunting have led to an increase in their populations in south-central Spain. This implies a higher generation of hunting waste, which can favour the transmission of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the proper disposal of hunting waste as TB control measure in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the 2008/2009 to 2016/2017 hunting seasons. Blood samples from 664 wild boar and 934 red deer were obtained in 14 game estates in two provinces in Andalusia (Area 1), where the disposal of hunting waste was implemented since the 2012/2013 hunting season. Besides, six game estates in the province of Ciudad Real, in Castilla-La Mancha (Area 2), an adjacent region where this management measure was not implemented during the studied period, were used as controls, sampling 277 wild boar and 427 red deer sera. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), seroprevalence detected in wild boar from Area 1, was significantly higher before the disposal of big game hunting by-products (82.8%; 2008/2009-2012/2013) compared to the second period (61.8%; 2013/2014-2016/2017) (p < .001), after this control measure became established. By contrast, no significant differences between periods were found in wild boar (41.3% versus 44.8%; p = .33) and red deer (14.9% versus 11.6%; p = .19) from Area 2 as well as in red deer (10.8% versus 10.5%; p = .48) from Area 1. The proper disposal of hunting waste contributed to achieve a 25% reduction in MTC seroprevalence in wild boar. These results are of particular relevance regarding wild boar in the current context of re-emerging and emerging diseases such as TB and African Swine Fever in Europe. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of this measure on the health status of livestock and other wildlife species.
近几十年来，栖息地的变化以及对野生动物的集约化管理，导致西班牙中南部地区的野生动物数量增加。这意味着产生的狩猎废物更多，这可能有利于传染病的传播，包括结核病（TB）。本研究旨在评估在 2008/2009 年至 2016/2017 年狩猎季节期间，在野猪（Sus scrofa）和马鹿（Cervus elaphus）中妥善处理狩猎废物作为结核病控制措施的效果。在安达卢西亚的两个省份（区域 1）的 14 个狩猎场中，从 664 头野猪和 934 头马鹿中获得了血液样本，自 2012/2013 年狩猎季节以来，这些狩猎场就开始实施处理狩猎废物的措施。此外，还使用了卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰省的六个狩猎场（区域 2）作为对照，这些狩猎场在研究期间未实施此管理措施，共采集了 277 头野猪和 427 头马鹿血清。在区域 1 采集的野猪中，与 2013/2014 年至 2016/2017 年期间（61.8%）相比，在实施大型猎物狩猎副产品处理控制措施之前（2008/2009 年至 2012/2013 年），检测到的结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）血清阳性率显著更高（p<.001）。相比之下，在区域 2 的野猪（41.3%比 44.8%；p=.33）和马鹿（14.9%比 11.6%；p=.19）以及区域 1 的马鹿（10.8%比 10.5%；p=.48）中，两个时期之间没有发现显著差异。适当处理狩猎废物有助于使野猪的 MTC 血清阳性率降低 25%。在欧洲结核病和非洲猪瘟等新出现和再出现疾病的当前背景下，这些结果对野猪具有特别重要的意义。需要进一步研究来评估该措施对牲畜和其他野生动物物种健康状况的影响。
