Vicente Joaquín, Höfle Ursula, Garrido Joseba M, Fernández-de-Mera Isabel G, Acevedo Pelayo, Juste Ramón, Barral Marta, Gortazar Christian
Instituts de Investigación en Recursos cinegéticos - IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13080 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Vet Res. 2007 May-Jun;38(3):451-64. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2007002. Epub 2007 Apr 11.
In recent decades the management of large game mammals has become increasingly intensive in south central Spain (SCS), resulting in complex epidemiological scenarios for disease maintenance, and has probably impeded schemes to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in domestic livestock. We conducted an analysis of risk factors which investigated associations between the pattern of tuberculosis-like lesions (TBL) in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) across 19 hunting estates from SCS and an extensive set of variables related to game management, land use and habitat structure. The aggregation of wild boar at artificial watering sites was significantly associated with an increasing risk of detecting TBL in both species, which probably relates to enhanced opportunities for transmission. Aggregation of wild boar at feeding sites was also associated with increased risks of TBL in red deer. Hardwood Quercus spp. forest availability was marginally associated with an increased risk of TB in both species, whereas scrubland cover was associated with a reduced individual risk of TBL in the wild boar. It is concluded that management practices that encourage the aggregation of hosts, and some characteristics of Mediterranean habitats could increase the frequency and probability of both direct and indirect transmission of TB. These findings are of concern for both veterinary and public health authorities, and reveal tuberculosis itself as a potential limiting factor for the development and sustainability of such intensive game management systems in Spanish Mediterranean habitats.
近几十年来，西班牙中南部（SCS）对大型猎物哺乳动物的管理变得越来越密集，导致疾病维持的流行病学情况变得复杂，并且可能阻碍了家畜牧场根除结核病（TB）的计划。我们进行了一项风险因素分析，调查了SCS地区19个狩猎场的野猪（Sus scrofa）和马鹿（Cervus elaphus）中类结核病变（TBL）模式与一系列与猎物管理、土地利用和栖息地结构相关的变量之间的关联。野猪在人工饮水点的聚集与这两个物种中检测到TBL的风险增加显著相关，这可能与传播机会增加有关。野猪在觅食点的聚集也与马鹿中TBL风险增加有关。硬木栎属森林的可利用性与这两个物种患结核病风险增加略有关联，而灌丛覆盖与野猪个体TBL风险降低有关。得出的结论是，鼓励宿主聚集的管理做法以及地中海栖息地的一些特征可能会增加结核病直接和间接传播的频率和可能性。这些发现令兽医和公共卫生当局担忧，并揭示结核病本身是西班牙地中海栖息地此类密集猎物管理系统发展和可持续性的一个潜在限制因素。
