1 Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; and.
2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209-Gunja Dong, Seoul, Republic of South Korea.
J Food Prot. 2018 Apr;81(4):619-627. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-17-086.
Poultry production is among the most rapidly growing industries around the globe, and poultry is one of the major sources of meat. Poultry farmers use disease preventive and growth promoter antibiotics for faster growth of chickens in the shortest possible time to increase the rate of feed assimilation and to lower the incidence of mortality caused by a pathogen attack. Antibiotics may result in dysfunctionality of beneficial gut microbiota and increase resistance among microbial pathogens in poultry. Residues of these antibiotics in poultry meat have been determined in many of the studies globally and are considered one of the possible causes of antibacterial resistance in human pathogens. The presence of residues of antibiotics in poultry meat and meat products beyond maximum permissible limits is a matter of serious concern. Heat treatments can reduce the risk of some sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones but do not guarantee the complete elimination or degradation of these antibiotic residues present in broiler meat. Some of the developed countries, including Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and the European Union have already prohibited the application of antibiotics for preventive, as well as growth-promoting purposes. Training farmers to monitor withdrawal periods, banning the use of antibiotics as growth promoters, and adopting the veterinary feed directive of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are important parameters to mitigate the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria related to poultry production.
家禽生产是全球增长最快的产业之一，家禽是肉类的主要来源之一。家禽饲养者为了在最短的时间内使鸡快速生长，提高饲料吸收率，降低病原体攻击引起的死亡率，会使用疾病预防和生长促进抗生素。抗生素可能会导致有益肠道微生物群落的功能失调，并增加家禽中微生物病原体的耐药性。在全球许多研究中都检测到了家禽肉中的这些抗生素残留，这些残留被认为是人类病原体中抗菌药物耐药性的可能原因之一。家禽肉和肉类产品中抗生素残留超过最大允许限量是一个严重关切的问题。热处理可以降低某些磺胺类药物、四环素类药物和氟喹诺酮类药物的风险，但不能保证完全消除或降解存在于肉鸡肉中的这些抗生素残留。一些发达国家，包括瑞典、挪威、丹麦和欧盟，已经禁止将抗生素用于预防和促进生长的目的。培训农民监测停药期，禁止将抗生素作为生长促进剂使用，并采用美国食品和药物管理局的兽医饲料指令，是减轻与家禽生产相关的细菌产生抗生素耐药性的重要参数。
