Groen Yvonne, Fuermaier Anselm B M, Tucha Lara, Weisbrod Matthias, Aschenbrenner Steffen, Tucha Oliver
a Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands.
b Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Clinic Karlsbad-Langensteinbach , Karlsbad , Germany.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2019 Sep-Oct;26(5):411-440. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1437730. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
This study describes the development and utility of a new self-report measure of attentional capacities of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): the Everyday Life Attention Scale (ELAS). Different from previous attention scales, attentional capacities are rated for nine everyday situations. Study 1 investigated the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the ELAS in 1206 healthy participants. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a situation-specific approach which categorizes everyday attention into nine situation scales: Reading, Movie, Activity, Lecture, Conversation, Assignment, Cooking, Cleaning up, and Driving. Each scale was composed of ratings for sustained, focused, selective, and divided attention as well as motivation, and had good internal consistency. Most scales showed weak correlations with ADHD Symptoms, Executive Functioning, and Memory Efficacy. Study 2 further investigated the sensitivity of the ELAS in 80 adults with ADHD compared to matched healthy controls and a mixed clinical group of 56 patients diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. Compared to healthy controls, patients with ADHD reported reduced attentional capacities with large effect sizes on all situation scales and had a substantially higher number of situations with impaired attention scores. The ELAS may become useful in the clinical evaluation of ADHD and related psychiatric disorders in adults.
本研究描述了一种针对患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人注意力能力的新型自我报告测量工具的开发及效用：日常生活注意力量表（ELAS）。与以往的注意力量表不同，该量表针对九种日常情境对注意力能力进行评分。研究1在1206名健康参与者中调查了ELAS的因子结构、效度和信度。验证性因子分析支持一种针对特定情境的方法，该方法将日常注意力分为九个情境量表：阅读、看电影、活动、讲座、对话、作业、烹饪、清理和驾驶。每个量表由对持续注意力、集中注意力、选择性注意力、分散注意力以及动机的评分组成，并且具有良好的内部一致性。大多数量表与ADHD症状、执行功能和记忆效能的相关性较弱。研究2进一步调查了ELAS在80名患有ADHD的成年人中的敏感性，将其与匹配的健康对照组以及56名被诊断患有其他精神障碍的混合临床组进行比较。与健康对照组相比，患有ADHD的患者在所有情境量表上报告的注意力能力下降，效应量较大，并且注意力得分受损的情境数量显著更多。ELAS可能在ADHD及相关成人精神障碍的临床评估中发挥作用。
