Psychopathology. 2018;51(2):76-82. doi: 10.1159/000487363. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
One of the core symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is emotion dysregulation, which comprises emotion sensitivity, heightened and labile negative affect, deficient appropriate regulation strategies, and a surplus of maladaptive regulation strategies. Although earlier studies provided some evidence for threat hypersensitivity in terms of a negatively biased perception of other people ("negativity bias") and deficits in the recognition of full-blown anger, i.e., higher error rates and slower reaction times, researchers have only recently started studying effects of interindividual differences (e.g., sex, impulsivity, aggressiveness) and stimulus complexity as well as associations with early adversity, developmental aspects, or the specificity for BPD. Recent data also suggest a deficit in the detection of positive emotions, which needs to be addressed in more detail since it may prevent the patients from recognizing safety signals and from making positive interpersonal experiences. Neurobiologically, threat hypersensitivity has been related to increased and prolonged amygdala responses, while deficient emotion regulation was associated with reduced prefrontal inhibition of the amygdala. First results suggest that these neural alterations may be modulated by psychotherapeutic treatment focusing on emotion regulation.
边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的核心症状之一是情绪调节障碍，它包括情绪敏感性、高度波动的负性情绪、适当调节策略的缺乏和适应不良的调节策略的过剩。尽管早期的研究提供了一些关于威胁敏感性的证据，即对他人的消极偏见（“消极偏见”）和对完全愤怒的识别缺陷（即更高的错误率和更慢的反应时间），但研究人员直到最近才开始研究个体差异（如性别、冲动、攻击性）和刺激复杂性以及与早期逆境、发展方面或 BPD 的特异性的关系。最近的数据还表明，对正性情绪的检测存在缺陷，这需要更详细地研究，因为它可能会阻止患者识别安全信号和产生积极的人际体验。神经生物学研究表明，威胁敏感性与杏仁核反应的增加和延长有关，而情绪调节不足与杏仁核的前额叶抑制减少有关。初步结果表明，这些神经改变可能可以通过以情绪调节为重点的心理治疗来调节。
