Bendix T
Dan Med Bull. 1987 Jun;34(3):125-39.
The influence of varying workplace adjustment on posture, muscular load, and subjective acceptability has been investigated in eight studies. Workplace variables were: seat height, seat inclination, backrest position, table height, and desk inclination. Moreover, some of the adjustments were investigated in relation to the tasks: desk-work, typing, large-scale drawing, and simulated assembly work. Concerning posture, the static aspect was investigated by statometry, while the dynamic aspect was estimated by analysing the movements transferred to a tiltable seat. Muscular load was assessed by means of amplitude distribution functions derived from electromyography. A five-point scale was used for subjective rating. It is recommended that the seat should be height adjusted approximately 3-5 cm above popliteal level, and the table top 3-5 cm above elbow level. A slanted desk, placed on a horizontal table, is recommended, as it had greater positive influence on the posture than varying seat adjustments. These recommendations are in accordance to subjective preferences, and to a compromise between optimizing the posture and using the backrest. In addition, the recommended seat adjustment seemed to induce more body movements than the traditionally recommended height just below popliteal level. With the high chair adjustment, the seat should be able to incline forward. A tiltable seat seemed preferable, but it is still a question whether or not such equipment facilitates movements. The backrest has been demonstrated to be a much lesser determinator for shifting the lumbar spine towards lordosis, than a slanting desk or an increased seat height. The backrest should be pushed against the back after the subject's selection of the position on the seat. This usually corresponds to an ischial-tuberosity position 6-7 cm behind the axis for seat-tilting. During touch-typing the keyboard should be at the level of the elbows, whereas the significance of a forearm/wrist support is unclear.
八项研究调查了不同工作场所调整对姿势、肌肉负荷和主观可接受性的影响。工作场所变量包括：座椅高度、座椅倾斜度、靠背位置、桌子高度和桌面倾斜度。此外，还针对以下任务对一些调整进行了研究：案头工作、打字、大幅绘图和模拟装配工作。关于姿势，静态方面通过静态测量法进行研究，而动态方面则通过分析传递到可倾斜座椅的运动来估计。肌肉负荷通过从肌电图得出的振幅分布函数进行评估。主观评分采用五分制。建议将座椅高度调整到比腘窝水平高约3 - 5厘米，桌面比肘部水平高3 - 5厘米。推荐使用放置在水平桌面上的倾斜桌面，因为它对姿势的积极影响比改变座椅调整更大。这些建议符合主观偏好，并且是在优化姿势和使用靠背之间的一种折衷。此外，推荐的座椅调整似乎比传统推荐的略低于腘窝水平的高度会引发更多身体运动。对于高座椅调整，座椅应能够向前倾斜。可倾斜座椅似乎更可取，但这种设备是否便于活动仍是个问题。与倾斜桌面或增加座椅高度相比，已证明靠背对将腰椎向脊柱前凸方向移动的决定作用要小得多。在受试者选择座椅上的位置后，应将靠背靠在背上。这通常对应于坐骨结节位置在座椅倾斜轴后方6 - 7厘米处。在触摸打字时，键盘应处于肘部水平，而前臂/手腕支撑的重要性尚不清楚。
