Graduate Department, Institute of Cardiology - University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Public Health Department, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Prev Med. 2018 Jun;111:198-203. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.03.008. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
Adherence to dietary guidelines is associated with significantly better health outcomes. Studies across the world shows that compliance with the guidelines was low, but data in Switzerland are lacking. Hence, we aimed to assess the 5-year trends in dietary compliance regarding food guidelines in Switzerland in a prospective, population-based observational study. Data from 2882 participants (1591 women, 35-75 years), from the first (2009-2012) and second (2014-2017) follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Compliance with the guidelines of the Swiss society of nutrition was assessed at baseline and 5.5 years afterwards. Prevalence rates for compliance were calculated using the exact Poisson method. Factors associated with changes in compliance (never, shifter or maintainer) were assessed by multinomial logistic regression using "Never compliers" as reference. Overall, improvements in compliance to fruits (42.4% to 45.1%) vegetables (6.9% to 8.6%) and fish (66.6% to 60.5%) were found, while compliance to meat decreased (61.1% to 58.5%). The prevalence of participants complying with at least three dietary recommendations did not change (24.1% to 25.2%). During follow-up, only 11.6% of participants maintained compliance to at least three dietary recommendations, and 62.4% never managed to comply. Female gender and older age were associated with maintaining compliance during the two study periods. In conclusion, compliance with dietary guidelines is a dynamic status, and only a small fraction of the population achieves sustained compliance with at least three guidelines. Almost two thirds of the population never achieve compliance with three guidelines.
遵守饮食指南与更好的健康结果显著相关。世界各地的研究表明，人们对这些指南的遵守程度较低，但瑞士缺乏相关数据。因此，我们旨在评估一项前瞻性、基于人群的观察性研究中，瑞士人在 5 年内遵守饮食指南关于食物指南的情况。该研究的数据来自于 2882 名参与者（1591 名女性，35-75 岁），他们分别参与了第一次（2009-2012 年）和第二次（2014-2017 年）随访。饮食摄入使用经过验证的食物频率问卷进行评估。在基线和 5.5 年后评估对瑞士营养学会指南的遵守情况。使用确切泊松法计算遵守率。使用多变量逻辑回归评估与遵守情况变化（从不、转变或保持者）相关的因素，以“从不遵守者”作为参考。总体而言，发现对水果（从 42.4%到 45.1%）、蔬菜（从 6.9%到 8.6%）和鱼（从 66.6%到 60.5%）的遵守情况有所改善，而对肉类的遵守情况有所下降（从 61.1%到 58.5%）。至少遵守三种饮食建议的参与者比例没有变化（从 24.1%到 25.2%）。在随访期间，只有 11.6%的参与者至少保持了三年的饮食建议遵守情况，而 62.4%的人从未遵守过。女性性别和年龄较大与两个研究期间的遵守情况有关。总之，遵守饮食指南是一种动态状态，只有一小部分人能够持续遵守至少三条指南。将近三分之二的人从未遵守过三条指南。
