Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain.
CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 4;10(11):1661. doi: 10.3390/nu10111661.
Inadequate diet influences chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in Spain. CVD figures vary from one geographical region to another; this could be associated with different food choices. Our aim was to analyse the influence of geographical area on nutrient intakes among the Spanish adult population with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). We analysed cross-sectional baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus study: 6646 Spanish adults, aged 55⁻75 years, with overweight/obesity and MetS in four geographical areas. A validated 143-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess energy and nutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake was estimated according to Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between geographical area (North, Central, East and South areas) and inadequate nutrient intake. People in the North area consumed significantly lower amounts of vegetables and fish but more sugar and alcohol ( < 0.001) than other areas. Dietary fibre, vitamin A, E, calcium and magnesium intakes were all lower among men of North area than in the other areas ( < 0.001). Sex (women), non-smoker and physical activity were also associated to adequate nutrient intake. Geographical area influences nutrient intakes. Its effect on dietary quality should be taken into account when planning food policies.
饮食不足会影响心血管疾病（CVD）等慢性病，这是西班牙的主要死因。CVD 数据因地理区域而异；这可能与不同的食物选择有关。我们的目的是分析地理区域对患有代谢综合征（MetS）的西班牙成年人群体营养摄入的影响。我们分析了 PREDIMED-Plus 研究的横断面基线数据：6646 名年龄在 55⁻75 岁、超重/肥胖和代谢综合征的西班牙成年人，来自四个地理区域。使用经过验证的 143 项食物频率问卷（FFQ）来评估能量和营养素的摄入量。根据膳食参考摄入量（DRIs）估计营养摄入不足的发生率。多变量调整的逻辑回归用于评估地理区域（北部、中部、东部和南部地区）与营养摄入不足之间的关系。与其他地区相比，北部地区的人食用的蔬菜和鱼明显较少，但糖和酒精摄入量更多（<0.001）。与其他地区相比，北部地区男性的膳食纤维、维生素 A、E、钙和镁摄入量均较低（<0.001）。性别（女性）、不吸烟和体力活动也与充足的营养摄入有关。地理区域会影响营养摄入。在制定食品政策时，应考虑其对饮食质量的影响。
