Malhotra Sumit, Vashist Praveen, Kalaivani Mani, Gupta Noopur, Senjam Suraj Singh, Rath Ramashankar, Gupta Sanjeev Kumar
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Community Ophthalmology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 17;8(3):e018894. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018894.
To determine the prevalence, causes and associated factors for visual impairment (VI) in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 50 years and above were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. Presenting visual acuity using LogMAR E chart was measured along with collection of other demographic details as part of the house-to-house survey. Subjective refraction and torch light examination were performed at a clinic site within the village to ascertain VI and its cause. VI was considered when presenting visual acuity was less than 6/18 in the better eye. Common causes of VI viz uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, central corneal opacity and others were noted by optometrists. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for determining associated factors with VI.
Out of 2025 enumerated adults, 1690 (83.5%) were examined at the household level and 1575 (78%) completed all study procedures. The prevalence of VI was found to be 24.5% (95% CI 21.1 to 26.3) and blindness was 5% (95% CI 3.9 to 6.1). The most common causes of VI were uncorrected refractive errors (50%) and cataract (37%). The VI in study participants was found to be associated with age, gender, marital and educational status.
VI is still a public health problem in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana. Provision of spectacles and cataract surgical services are simple interventions to address this issue.
确定印度北部哈里亚纳邦贾贾尔区农村人口视力损害（VI）的患病率、病因及相关因素。
在贾贾尔区的两个街区开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用按规模大小概率抽样法共选取了34个村庄。使用紧凑分段整群抽样方法选取50岁及以上的成年人。在挨家挨户的调查中，使用LogMAR E视力表测量当前视力，并收集其他人口统计学细节。在村内的诊所进行主观验光和手电筒检查，以确定视力损害情况及其病因。当较好眼的当前视力低于6/18时，视为视力损害。验光师记录了视力损害的常见病因，即未矫正的屈光不正、白内障、中央角膜混浊等。进行了描述性分析。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定与视力损害相关的因素。
在2025名登记的成年人中，1690人（83.5%）在家庭层面接受了检查，1575人（78%）完成了所有研究程序。发现视力损害的患病率为24.5%（95%CI 21.1至26.3），失明率为5%（95%CI 3.9至6.1）。视力损害最常见的病因是未矫正的屈光不正（50%）和白内障（37%）。研究参与者的视力损害与年龄、性别、婚姻状况和教育程度有关。
在哈里亚纳邦贾贾尔区的农村人口中，视力损害仍然是一个公共卫生问题。提供眼镜和白内障手术服务是解决这一问题的简单干预措施。
