Department of Animal Sciences,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,1207 West Gregory Drive,Urbana,IL 61801,USA.
Animal. 2018 Jun;12(s1):s110-s120. doi: 10.1017/S1751731118000526. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
Millions or billions of sperm are deposited by artificial insemination or natural mating into the cow reproductive tract but only a few arrive at the site of fertilization and only one fertilizes an oocyte. The remarkable journey that successful sperm take to reach an oocyte is long and tortuous, and includes movement through viscous fluid, avoiding dead ends and hostile immune cells. The privileged collection of sperm that complete this journey must pass selection steps in the vagina, cervix, uterus, utero-tubal junction and oviduct. In many locations in the female reproductive tract, sperm interact with the epithelium and the luminal fluid, which can affect sperm motility and function. Sperm must also be tolerated by the immune system of the female for an adequate time to allow fertilization to occur. This review emphasizes literature about cattle but also includes work in other species that emphasizes critical broad concepts. Although all parts of the female reproductive tract are reviewed, particular attention is given to the sperm destination, the oviduct.
通过人工授精或自然交配，数以百万计或数十亿计的精子被注入奶牛生殖道，但只有少数精子到达受精部位，只有一个精子使卵子受精。成功到达卵子的精子经历了漫长而曲折的旅程，包括在粘性液体中移动、避免死胡同和具有敌意的免疫细胞。完成这一旅程的特权精子集合必须通过阴道、宫颈、子宫、子宫输卵管连接部和输卵管的选择步骤。在女性生殖道的许多部位，精子与上皮细胞和管腔液体相互作用，这会影响精子的运动和功能。精子还必须被女性的免疫系统耐受足够的时间，以使受精发生。这篇综述强调了关于牛的文献，但也包括了其他物种的工作，强调了关键的广泛概念。虽然对女性生殖道的所有部位都进行了综述，但特别关注的是精子的目的地，即输卵管。
