de Mattos Lourenco Thais Regina, Matsuoka Priscila Katsumi, Baracat Edmund Chada, Haddad Jorge Milhem
Department of Gynecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
, Lapa, Brazil.
Int Urogynecol J. 2018 Dec;29(12):1757-1763. doi: 10.1007/s00192-018-3629-z. Epub 2018 Mar 19.
People are increasingly aware of healthy lifestyles. Extenuating practice can injure the pelvic floor. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition in women whether they exercise professionally or not. The most common symptom is stress UI. It is reported in a large variety of sports and may interfere with everyday life or training, leading athletes to change or compromise their performance or risk compromising it. We aimed to assess the prevalence of UI in female athletes and to determine whether the type of sport might also influence UI.
A systematic review of the literature was performed by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS up to 23 January 2017. The search strategy included the keywords pelvic floor disorders, urinary incontinence, athletes, and sports. The inclusion criterion was studies of women who performed any kind of sport with a prevalence of UI. The subjects were female, with no restriction for age, sport modality, or frequency of training. The outcome was prevalence of UI.
The search identified 385 studies, 22 of which met the methodologic criteria for complete analysis. In this review, 7507 women aged 12 to 69 years were included. Only five studies compared physically active women to controls. Every study included high or moderate impact activities involving jumping, fast running, and rotational movements. In total, 17 sport modalities were analyzed. The prevalence of UI varied from 5.56% in low-impact activity to 80% in trampolining. In athletes, the prevalence of incontinence ranged from 10.88% to 80%, showing that the amount of training influences UI symptoms. High-impact activities showed a 1.9-fold prevalence over medium-impact activities and 4,59-fold prevalence over impact activities. Factors such as hormone use, smoking, or menopausal status could not be assessed since they were not detailed in most of the studies.
These data suggest that sports practice increases the prevalence of UI and that the type of activity performed by women also has a bearing on the disorder.
人们越来越意识到健康的生活方式。过度的运动可能会损伤盆底。尿失禁（UI）在女性中是一种普遍存在的情况，无论她们是否从事专业运动。最常见的症状是压力性尿失禁。在各种各样的运动中都有报道，并且可能会干扰日常生活或训练，导致运动员改变或降低他们的表现，或者面临降低表现的风险。我们旨在评估女性运动员中尿失禁的患病率，并确定运动类型是否也会影响尿失禁。
通过检索截至2017年1月23日的PubMed、Cochrane图书馆和LILACS对文献进行系统综述。检索策略包括关键词盆底疾病、尿失禁、运动员和运动。纳入标准是对从事任何类型运动且存在尿失禁患病率的女性进行的研究。研究对象为女性，年龄、运动方式或训练频率均无限制。结果指标是尿失禁的患病率。
检索到385项研究，其中22项符合进行完整分析的方法学标准。在本综述中，纳入了7507名年龄在12至69岁之间的女性。只有五项研究将体育活动女性与对照组进行了比较。每项研究都包括涉及跳跃、快速奔跑和旋转运动的高强度或中等强度活动。总共分析了17种运动方式。尿失禁的患病率从低强度活动中的5.56%到蹦床运动中的80%不等。在运动员中，尿失禁的患病率从10.88%到80%不等，表明训练量会影响尿失禁症状。高强度活动的患病率是中等强度活动的1.9倍，是低强度活动的4.59倍。由于大多数研究中未详细说明激素使用、吸烟或绝经状态等因素，因此无法对其进行评估。
这些数据表明，运动实践会增加尿失禁的患病率，并且女性所进行的活动类型也与该疾病有关。
