The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, The Netherlands.
The Water Laboratory, P.O. Box 734, 2003 RS Haarlem, The Netherlands.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Jul 15;630:1492-1501. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.273. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Emission of compounds with biological activities from waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluents into surface waters is a topic of concern for ecology and drinking water quality. We investigated the occurrence of hormone-like activities in waste water sample extracts from four Dutch WWTPs and pursued to identify compounds responsible for them. To this aim, in vitro reporter gene bioassays for androgenic, anti-androgenic, estrogenic, glucocorticoid and progestogenic activity and a UPLC-tQ-MS target analysis method for 25 steroid hormones used in high volumes in pharmacy were applied. Principal component analysis of the data was performed to further characterize the detected activities and compounds. All five types of activities tested were observed in the WWTP samples. Androgenic and estrogenic activities were almost completely removed during WW treatment, anti-androgenic activity was only found in treated WW. Glucocorticoid and progestogenic activities persisted throughout the treatment. The androgenic activity in both influent could predominantly be attributed to the presence of androstenedione and testosterone. Anti-androgenic activity was explained by the presence of cyproterone acetate. The glucocorticoid activity in influent was fully explained by prednicarbate, triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone and amcinonide. In effluent however, detected hormones could only explain 10-32% of the activity, indicating the presence of unknown glucocorticoids or their metabolites in effluent. Progesterone and levonorgestrel could explain the observed progestogenic activity. The principle component analysis confirmed the way in which hormones fit in the spectrum of other emerging contaminants concerning occurrence and fate in WWTPs.
废水处理厂（WWTP）废水中具有生物活性的化合物排放到地表水中，这是生态学和饮用水质量关注的一个课题。我们调查了来自荷兰四个 WWTP 的废水样品提取物中激素样活性的发生情况，并致力于确定负责这些活性的化合物。为此，我们应用了体外报告基因生物测定法来测定雄激素、抗雄激素、雌激素、糖皮质激素和孕激素活性，以及 UPLC-tQ-MS 目标分析方法来分析高剂量使用的 25 种甾体激素。对数据进行主成分分析，以进一步描述所检测到的活性和化合物。在 WWTP 样品中观察到了所有五种类型的活性。雄激素和雌激素活性在 WW 处理过程中几乎完全去除，抗雄激素活性仅在处理后的 WW 中发现。糖皮质激素和孕激素活性在整个处理过程中持续存在。两种进水的雄激素活性主要归因于雄烯二酮和睾酮的存在。抗雄激素活性是由醋酸环丙孕酮的存在解释的。进水的糖皮质激素活性完全可以由prednicarbate、曲安奈德、地塞米松和阿米卡星解释。然而，在废水出口中，检测到的激素只能解释 10-32%的活性，这表明废水中存在未知的糖皮质激素或其代谢物。孕激素和左炔诺孕酮可以解释所观察到的孕激素活性。主成分分析证实了激素在 WWTP 中出现和命运方面与其他新兴污染物的关系。
