意大利南部户外猫科动物暴露于体外寄生虫的临床评估及其与媒介传播感染的相关风险。

Clinical evaluation of outdoor cats exposed to ectoparasites and associated risk for vector-borne infections in southern Italy.

机构信息

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy.

Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2018 Mar 20;11(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2725-8.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-018-2725-8

PMID:29554931

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5859451/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Cats can be carriers of infected arthropods and be infected with several vector-borne pathogens (VBP) but there is limited knowledge about their pathogenic role in cats.

RESULTS

A cross-sectional controlled study investigated the clinical status and antibody (Bartonella henselae, Rickettsia conorii, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti and Leishmania infantum) and/or blood PCR (Mycoplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., piroplasmids, L. infantum, Hepatozoon felis) prevalence in 197 cats. Outdoor cats lacking ectoparasiticide treatment or hosting ectoparasites (study group [SG], n = 134) and indoor cats treated against ectoparasites (control group [CG], n = 63) were enrolled. Clinical data and retroviral co-infections were compared between the two groups. Multivariable analysis tested associations between variables and VBP exposure. Lymphadenia, stomatitis, and various haematological abnormalities were statistically more frequent in SG. Antibodies against R. conorii, B. henselae, A. phagocytophylum, B. microti, E. canis and L. infantum were detected. Bartonella henselae, Bartonella clarridgeiae, Mycoplasma haemofelis, "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" and "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" DNA were identified. Very high antibody (87.8%) and PCR (40.1%) positivity to at least one pathogen were detected and were significantly higher in SG. Co-infections were confirmed in about one-third of the cats and were more frequent in SG cats. Molecular and overall (antibody and PCR) positivity to Bartonella and antibody positivity to R. conorii were higher in SG. Multivariable analysis found significant associations of Bartonella spp. infection with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) infection and increased globulins, and of Mycoplasma spp. infection with adult age, FIV infection, anaemia, and increased creatinine.

CONCLUSIONS

A very high prevalence of exposure to zoonotic VBP was found in cats, with Rickettsia and Bartonella infections being most prevalent. Some risk factors were documented namely for Mycoplasma spp. and Bartonella spp. The lifestyle of cats is clinically relevant and requires specific preventative measures to protect their health.

摘要

背景

猫可以携带感染的节肢动物并感染几种媒介传播病原体（VBP），但对其在猫中的致病作用知之甚少。

结果

一项横断面对照研究调查了 197 只猫的临床状况以及抗体（汉塞巴尔通体、康氏立克次体、犬埃立克体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、微小巴贝斯虫和婴儿利什曼原虫）和/或血液 PCR（支原体、巴尔通体、立克次体、埃立克体/无形体、梨形虫、婴儿利什曼原虫、猫肝孢球虫）的流行率。未接受过外寄生虫处理或有外寄生虫寄生的户外猫（研究组 [SG]，n = 134）和接受过外寄生虫处理的室内猫（对照组 [CG]，n = 63）被纳入研究。比较两组之间的临床数据和逆转录病毒合并感染。多变量分析测试了变量与 VBP 暴露之间的关联。SG 中淋巴结肿大、口炎和各种血液学异常更为常见。检测到针对 R. conorii、B. henselae、A. phagocytophylum、B. microti、E. canis 和 L. infantum 的抗体。鉴定出巴尔通体、巴尔通体 claridgeiae、猫支原体、“疑似支原体 haemominutum”和“疑似支原体 turicensis”DNA。至少有一种病原体的抗体（87.8%）和 PCR（40.1%）阳性率非常高，且在 SG 中明显更高。约三分之一的猫被证实存在合并感染，且 SG 猫中更为常见。SG 猫的巴尔通体和康氏立克次体的分子和总体（抗体和 PCR）阳性率更高。多变量分析发现，巴尔通体感染与猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）感染和球蛋白增加有关，支原体感染与成年、FIV 感染、贫血和肌酐增加有关。