西班牙中部地区猫血液支原体（hemoplasmas）的流行病学研究。
Epidemiological study of hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) in cats from central Spain.
机构信息
Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Instituto Nacional de Infectología Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Avenida Brazil 4365, CEP 21040- 900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Mar 20;11(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2740-9.
BACKGROUND
Hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) have been found infecting cats worldwide. However, studies about feline hemoplasma infections in Spain are scarce. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to evaluate the prevalence of feline hemotropic mycoplasmas and to characterize risk factors and clinical findings associated with these infections in a cat population from the Madrid area, Spain.
METHODS
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf), "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" (CMhm) and "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" (CMt) in blood samples from 456 client-owned and 138 stray cats from Madrid. In order to assess associations between these hemoplasma infections and epidemiological parameters, data regarding signalment, environment, prophylaxis measures, retrovirus status, clinical signs and laboratory findings were compiled, whenever possible.
RESULTS
DNA of feline hemoplasmas was detected from the blood of 63 out of 594 cats (10.6%), with a prevalence of 3.7% (22/594) for Mhf, 8.1% (48/594) for CMhm and 0.5% (3/594) for CMt. Stray cats had statistically higher prevalences of feline hemoplasmas (15.9%) and, specifically, of Mhf (8.7%) than client-owned cats (9 and 2.2%, respectively). A total of seven cats (1.17%) were co-infected with "Candidatus M. haemominutum" and M. haemofelis, two (0.33%) with "Candidatus M. haemominutum" and "Candidatus M. turicensis" and another one (0.17%) with M. haemofelis and Candidatus "M. turicensis". Male gender, collection of blood during warm months and FeLV/FIV positivity status were associated with hemotropic mycoplasma infection in cats from Madrid. Additionally, within the group of client-owned cats, hemoplasma infection was associated with adult age, outdoor access, and the existence of low haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration values.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological survey of feline hemoplasmas performed in central Spain (Madrid). Our study confirms that "Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum", Mycoplasma haemofelis and "Ca. Mycoplasma turicensis" are infecting client-owned and stray cats in this region of Spain, "Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum" being the most prevalent species. More studies are necessary to help understand the role of the natural infection by these species of hemoplasma in cats.
背景
血源支原体（hemoplasmas）已在全球范围内发现感染猫。然而，关于西班牙猫血源支原体感染的研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是评估马德里地区猫群中感染血源支原体的流行情况，并描述与这些感染相关的风险因素和临床发现。
方法
采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测马德里地区 456 只宠物猫和 138 只流浪猫的血液样本中是否存在猫血支原体（Mhf）、“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum”（CMhm）和“Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis”（CMt）。为了评估这些血源支原体感染与流行病学参数之间的关系，尽可能收集了有关猫的特征、环境、预防措施、逆转录病毒状态、临床症状和实验室检查结果等信息。
结果
从 594 只猫的血液中检测到了 63 只猫的血源支原体 DNA（10.6%），其中 Mhf 的流行率为 3.7%（22/594），CMhm 为 8.1%（48/594），CMt 为 0.5%（3/594）。流浪猫的血源支原体感染率（15.9%）和 Mhf 感染率（8.7%）均明显高于宠物猫（分别为 9%和 2.2%）。共有 7 只猫（1.17%）同时感染“Candidatus M. haemominutum”和 M. haemofelis，2 只（0.33%）同时感染“Candidatus M. haemominutum”和“Candidatus M. turicensis”，另 1 只（0.17%）同时感染 M. haemofelis 和 Candidatus“M. turicensis”。在马德里的猫中，雄性、在温暖月份采集血液以及 FeLV/FIV 阳性状态与血源支原体感染相关。此外，在宠物猫中，血源支原体感染与成年、户外活动以及存在低血细胞比容、红细胞计数和血红蛋白浓度值有关。
结论
据我们所知，这是首次在西班牙中部（马德里）进行的猫血源支原体的流行病学调查。本研究证实，“Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum”、Mycoplasma haemofelis 和“Ca. Mycoplasma turicensis”正在感染西班牙该地区的宠物猫和流浪猫，其中“Ca. Mycoplasma haemominutum”是最常见的感染种。还需要更多的研究来帮助了解这些血源支原体自然感染在猫中的作用。
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