[Disability in the population of the elderly: results of a field study].

The concept of disability has gained importance in geriatric research and practice. There is now insight into the impairing function not only of illness but also of its consequences for an autonomous and satisfactory way of life. The aim of the study reported here was to elucidate the relationships of old age disabilities and other potentially important factors such as physical and psychiatric impairments as well as demographic characteristics. A representative sample of old people in an urban community (Mannheim, F.R.G.) was the target population of this study. The results demonstrate--above all--a significant correlation between reduction in motor skill capacity and disability in carrying out activities of daily living. Psychiatric impairment--in particular organic psychiatric disorders--play a role as well. Old people with both physical and psychiatric impairments are the most disabled of the sample and must be considered a high-risk group for the loss of independent living.