Zhang Guangye, Zhao Jingbo, Chow Philip C Y, Jiang Kui, Zhang Jianquan, Zhu Zonglong, Zhang Jie, Huang Fei, Yan He
Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon, Hong Kong , China.
HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 , China.
Chem Rev. 2018 Apr 11;118(7):3447-3507. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00535. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
The bulk-heterojunction blend of an electron donor and an electron acceptor material is the key component in a solution-processed organic photovoltaic device. In the past decades, a p-type conjugated polymer and an n-type fullerene derivative have been the most commonly used electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively. While most advances of the device performance come from the design of new polymer donors, fullerene derivatives have almost been exclusively used as electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Recently, nonfullerene acceptor materials, particularly small molecules and oligomers, have emerged as a promising alternative to replace fullerene derivatives. Compared to fullerenes, these new acceptors are generally synthesized from diversified, low-cost routes based on building block materials with extraordinary chemical, thermal, and photostability. The facile functionalization of these molecules affords excellent tunability to their optoelectronic and electrochemical properties. Within the past five years, there have been over 100 nonfullerene acceptor molecules synthesized, and the power conversion efficiency of nonfullerene organic solar cells has increased dramatically, from ∼2% in 2012 to >13% in 2017. This review summarizes this progress, aiming to describe the molecular design strategy, to provide insight into the structure-property relationship, and to highlight the challenges the field is facing, with emphasis placed on most recent nonfullerene acceptors that demonstrated top-of-the-line photovoltaic performances. We also provide perspectives from a device point of view, wherein topics including ternary blend device, multijunction device, device stability, active layer morphology, and device physics are discussed.
电子给体材料与电子受体材料的本体异质结混合物是溶液处理有机光伏器件的关键组成部分。在过去几十年中，p型共轭聚合物和n型富勒烯衍生物分别是最常用的电子给体和电子受体。虽然器件性能的大多数进展来自新型聚合物给体的设计，但富勒烯衍生物几乎一直是有机光伏中唯一用作电子受体的材料。最近，非富勒烯受体材料，特别是小分子和低聚物，已成为取代富勒烯衍生物的有前途的替代品。与富勒烯相比，这些新型受体通常由基于具有非凡化学、热和光稳定性的构建块材料的多样化、低成本路线合成。这些分子的简便功能化赋予其光电和电化学性质出色的可调性。在过去五年中，已合成了100多种非富勒烯受体分子，非富勒烯有机太阳能电池的功率转换效率大幅提高，从2012年的约2%提高到2017年的>13%。本综述总结了这一进展，旨在描述分子设计策略，深入了解结构-性能关系，并突出该领域面临的挑战，重点关注展示出顶级光伏性能的最新非富勒烯受体。我们还从器件角度提供了观点，其中讨论了包括三元共混器件、多结器件、器件稳定性、活性层形态和器件物理等主题。
