Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical sciences, Birjand, Iran.
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 20;13(3):e0193638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193638. eCollection 2018.
The uptake of Pap smear among Iranian women is low, resulting in a high rate of casualties from cervical cancer in Iran. The present study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Stages of Change theory as theoretical frameworks for understanding the predictors of the behaviour of Iranian Women Health Volunteers (WHVs) with respect to cervical cancer screening.
Data from the 1,253 WHVs were analyzed using path analysis to assess the effects of cognitive factors (including knowledge, perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, perceived severity of cervical cancer, Pap smear benefits, Pap smear barriers, and Pap smear self-efficacy) on the stages of change for Pap-smear behaviour.
The majority of the respondents (71.5%) reported that they had not taken previous Pap smear tests; only 3% had received a regular Pap test. The perceived benefits to cervical cancer screening, the perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening, and the perceived self-efficacy to perform cervical cancer screening emerged as the predictors of cervical cancer screening's stages of change; perceived threat to cervical cancer, however, did not.
Uptake of regular cervical screening for Iranian WHVs was very low. Different interventions, such as media campaigns and educational interventions could provide an opportunity to improve women's knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap test benefits, address any misconceptions or fears about the procedure of the Pap test, and finally increase the cervical screening uptake by Iranian women.
伊朗女性进行巴氏涂片检查的比例较低，导致伊朗宫颈癌死亡率居高不下。本研究以健康信念模型（HBM）和改变阶段理论为理论框架，了解伊朗妇女健康志愿者（WHV）进行宫颈癌筛查行为的预测因素。
采用路径分析对 1253 名 WHV 数据进行分析，以评估认知因素（包括知识、对宫颈癌的易感性、对宫颈癌严重程度的认识、巴氏涂片检查的益处、巴氏涂片检查的障碍和巴氏涂片检查的自我效能）对巴氏涂片检查行为改变阶段的影响。
大多数受访者（71.5%）表示之前未进行巴氏涂片检查，只有 3%的人定期接受巴氏涂片检查。宫颈癌筛查的感知益处、宫颈癌筛查的感知障碍和进行宫颈癌筛查的感知自我效能是宫颈癌筛查改变阶段的预测因素；然而，对宫颈癌的感知威胁并不是。
伊朗 WHV 定期进行宫颈癌筛查的比例非常低。不同的干预措施，如媒体宣传和教育干预，可以为提高妇女对宫颈癌和巴氏涂片检查益处的认识提供机会，解决对巴氏涂片检查程序的任何误解或恐惧，并最终提高伊朗妇女的宫颈癌筛查率。
