Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Nursing, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
BMC Med Educ. 2018 Mar 20;18(1):44. doi: 10.1186/s12909-018-1149-7.
There is a growing recognition that training is not translated into performance and the 'transfer problem' exists in organization training today. Although factors contributing to training transfer have been identified in business and industry, the factors influencing training transfer in nursing profession remain less clear.
A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken in two tertiary referral hospitals in China from February 2013 to September 2013. Purposeful sampling of 24 nursing staffs were interviewed about the factors influencing training transfer.
Seven themes evolved from the analysis, categorized in 4 main domains, which described the factors influencing training transfer in nursing profession in trainee characteristics, training design, work environment and profession domain. The trainee characteristics domain included attitude and ability. The training design domain included training content and instruction method. The work environment domain included supports as facilitators and opposition as hindrance. The theme pertaining to the profession domain was professional development.
Health care managers need to understand the factors influencing training transfer for maximizing the benefits of training. The right beliefs and values about training, the rigorous employee selection for training, the relevance of training content, training instructions facilitating learning and transfer, supports from peer, supervisors and the organization, organizational culture such as change, sharing, learning and support, and professional development are key to successful training transfer. Furthermore, managers should be aware of the opposition from co-workers and find ways to prevent it.
人们越来越认识到，培训并没有转化为绩效，并且当今组织培训中存在“转移问题”。尽管已经在商业和工业中确定了影响培训转移的因素，但在护理专业中影响培训转移的因素仍不明确。
2013 年 2 月至 9 月在中国的两家三级转诊医院进行了定性描述性研究。通过目的性抽样，对 24 名护理人员进行了关于影响培训转移因素的访谈。
从分析中得出了 7 个主题，分为 4 个主要领域，描述了影响护理专业培训转移的因素，包括学员特征、培训设计、工作环境和专业领域。学员特征领域包括态度和能力。培训设计领域包括培训内容和教学方法。工作环境领域包括支持作为促进者和反对作为障碍。与专业领域相关的主题是专业发展。
医疗保健管理人员需要了解影响培训转移的因素，以最大程度地提高培训的效益。对培训的正确信念和价值观、严格的员工培训选拔、培训内容的相关性、促进学习和转移的培训指导、来自同事、主管和组织的支持、组织文化（如变革、分享、学习和支持）以及专业发展是培训成功转移的关键。此外，管理人员应该意识到来自同事的反对，并寻找方法加以预防。
