Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A di Rudinì 8, 20124, Milan, Italy.
Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
J Transl Med. 2018 Mar 20;16(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12967-018-1448-0.
Immunotherapy has matured into standard treatment for several cancers, but much remains to be done to extend the reach of its effectiveness particularly to cancers that are resistant within each indication. This review proposes that nutrition can affect and potentially enhance the immune response against cancer. The general mechanisms that link nutritional principles to immune function and may influence the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy are examined. This represents also the premise for a research project aimed at identifying the best diet for immunotherapy enhancement against tumours (D.I.E.T project). Particular attention is turned to the gut microbiota and the impact of its composition on the immune system. Also, the dietary patterns effecting immune function are discussed including the value of adhering to a healthy diets such as the Mediterranean, Veg, Japanese, or a Microbiota-regulating diet, the very low ketogenic diet, which have been demonstrated to lower the risk of developing several cancers and reduce the mortality associated with them. Finally, supplements, as omega-3 and polyphenols, are discussed as potential approaches that could benefit healthy dietary and lifestyle habits in the context of immunotherapy.
免疫疗法已经成熟为几种癌症的标准治疗方法，但仍有许多工作要做，特别是要扩大其有效性的范围，使其适用于每个适应症中具有耐药性的癌症。本综述提出，营养可以影响并可能增强针对癌症的免疫反应。检查了将营养原则与免疫功能联系起来并可能影响抗癌免疫疗法效果的一般机制。这也是一个旨在确定针对肿瘤免疫疗法增强的最佳饮食（D.I.E.T 项目）的研究项目的前提。特别关注肠道微生物组及其组成对免疫系统的影响。还讨论了影响免疫功能的饮食模式，包括坚持健康饮食的价值，如地中海饮食、素食、日本饮食或调节微生物组饮食，极低碳水化合物 ketogenic 饮食，这些饮食已被证明可以降低多种癌症的风险，并降低与之相关的死亡率。最后，讨论了补充剂，如欧米伽 3 和多酚，作为可能的方法，可以在免疫疗法的背景下受益于健康的饮食和生活习惯。
