Mid-Trimester Cervical Consistency Index and Cervical Length to Predict Spontaneous Preterm Birth in a High-Risk Population.

Short cervical length (CL) has not been shown to be adequate as a single predictor of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in high-risk pregnancies.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the mid-trimester cervical consistency index (CCI) to predict sPTB in a cohort of high-risk pregnancies and to compare the results with those obtained with the CL.  Prospective cohort study including high-risk singleton pregnancies between 19 and 24 weeks. The ratio between the anteroposterior diameter of the uterine cervix at maximum compression and at rest was calculated offline to obtain the CCI.  Eighty-two high sPTB risk women were included. CCI (%) was significantly reduced in women who delivered <37 weeks compared with those who delivered at term, while CL was not. The area under the curve (AUC) of the CCI to predict sPTB <37 weeks was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.85), being 0.51 (95% CI, 0.35-0.67),  = 0.03 for CL. The AUC of the CCI to predict sPTB <34 weeks was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54-0.82), being 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29-0.69),  = 0.06 for CL.  CCI performed better than sonographic CL to predict sPTB. Due to the limited predictive capacity of these two measurements, other tools are still needed to better identify women at increased risk.