Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Industrial Design, Chang Gung University, Touyuan, Taiwan.
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 21;13(3):e0193648. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193648. eCollection 2018.
Data regarding the effects of backpack carriage on children's body strains while walking are limited. This study measured the body posture, muscle activation, and subjective discomfort scores of 12 male schoolchildren (age: 12.3 (range 12.1-13.0) y, height: 151.3 (range 144.2-154.6) cm, weight: 46.6 (range 43.6-49.7) kg) carrying backpacks weighing 5%, 10%, and 15% of their respective body weights (BWs) and walking for 10 min on a treadmill. For each load, three positions along the spinal column (T7, T12, and L3) were examined. Participants carrying a backpack weighing 15% of BW exhibited higher head flexion, trunk flexion, and corresponding muscle activation, and a lower lumbosacral angle compared with those carrying loads of 5% and 10% of BW. The waist received the highest discomfort scores when the backpacks were carried at the L3 position. Conversely, the discomfort rating for the neck and shoulders where the highest when the backpack was at the T7 position; this high backpack position also caused more head flexion than the other two positions. For the musculoskeletal health of children, the findings suggest that carrying a school backpack weighing 15% of BW should be avoided, and carrying at the T12 position may be recommended for schoolboys.
有关背包携带对儿童步行时身体受力影响的数据有限。本研究测量了 12 名男学生（年龄：12.3（范围 12.1-13.0）岁，身高：151.3（范围 144.2-154.6）cm，体重：46.6（范围 43.6-49.7）kg）在跑步机上行走 10 分钟时，携带其体重的 5%、10%和 15%的背包时的身体姿势、肌肉激活和主观不适评分。对于每种负荷，检查了脊柱的三个位置（T7、T12 和 L3）。与携带 5%和 10%体重的背包相比，携带 15%体重背包的学生头部前屈、躯干前屈和相应肌肉激活更高，腰骶角更低。当背包位于 L3 位置时，腰部的不适感评分最高。相反，当背包位于 T7 位置时，颈部和肩部的不适感评分最高；这种高背包位置也比其他两个位置导致更多的头部前屈。就儿童的肌肉骨骼健康而言，研究结果表明，应避免携带 15%体重的书包，对于男学生，推荐在 T12 位置携带书包。
