Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 21;8(1):4943. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23425-z.
Smokers, who generally present with lung damage, are more anxious than non-smokers and have an associated augmented risk of panic. Considering that lung damage signals specific neural pathways that are related to affective responses, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of pulmonary injury on anxiety and panic-like behaviours in animals exposed to cigarette smoke with and without tobacco. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: a control group (CG); a regular cigarette group (RC); and a tobacco-free cigarette (TFC) group. Animals were exposed to twelve cigarettes per day for eight consecutive days. The animals were then exposed to an elevated T-maze and an open field. The RC and TFC groups presented increases in inflammatory cell inflow, antioxidant enzyme activity, and TBARS levels, and a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio was observed in the TFC group. Exposure to RC smoke reduced anxiety and panic-related behaviours. On the other hand, TFC induced anxiety and panic-related behaviours. Thus, our results contradict the concept that nicotine is solely accountable for shifted behavioural patterns caused by smoking, in that exposure to TFC smoke causes anxiety and panic-related behaviours.
吸烟者通常会出现肺部损伤，他们比不吸烟者更焦虑，并且有相关的惊恐发作风险增加。考虑到肺部损伤会引发与情感反应相关的特定神经通路，本研究旨在评估暴露于香烟烟雾（含或不含烟草）对动物焦虑和类似惊恐行为的影响。雄性 Wistar 大鼠被分为以下几组：对照组（CG）；常规香烟组（RC）；和无烟草香烟组（TFC）。动物每天暴露于 12 支香烟，持续 8 天。然后，动物被暴露于高架 T 迷宫和开阔场。RC 和 TFC 组表现出炎症细胞流入、抗氧化酶活性和 TBARS 水平增加，而 TFC 组的 GSH/GSSG 比值下降。暴露于 RC 烟雾会降低焦虑和类似惊恐的行为。另一方面，TFC 诱导了焦虑和类似惊恐的行为。因此，我们的结果与尼古丁是导致吸烟引起的行为模式变化的唯一因素的概念相矛盾，因为暴露于 TFC 烟雾会引起焦虑和类似惊恐的行为。
